Question 1

Which of the following is an example of a negative right or liberty?

Accepted Answer

Negative rights, also known as liberties, require others to abstain from interfering with your actions. Freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and the right to use your labor, skills, or mind to create goods and services are all examples of negative rights because they involve the freedom to do something without interference from others or the government.

Question 2

Claim rights or positive rights

Accepted Answer

Claim rights or positive rights impose obligations on others to provide certain benefits or services to the holder of the rights. Unlike liberty rights, which involve non-interference, claim rights require active provision or action.

Question 3

Briefly describe the difference between negative and positive rights (liberties and claim rights). Give an example of a negative right and a positive right.

Accepted Answer

Negative rights, also known as liberties, are rights that protect individuals from interference by others. These rights focus on the freedom to act without interference, such as the right to free speech or the right to own property. Positive rights, also known as claim rights, are rights that require others to provide certain goods or services to individuals. These rights focus on the entitlement to receive something, such as the right to healthcare or the right to education.

An example of a negative right is the right to freedom of speech. This right protects individuals from government censorship or punishment for expressing their opinions. An example of a positive right is the right to healthcare. This right requires the government or other entities to provide access to medical care and treatment for individuals.

In summary, negative rights protect individuals from interference, while positive rights require others to provide certain goods or services to individuals.

Question 4

Briefly compare deontological and utilitarian theories of ethics. Which is more relative? Which is more absolute?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly compare deontological and utilitarian theories of...

Question 5

Are there ever instances in which a legal act might not be an ethical act? Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Are there ever instances in which a...

Question 6

More people worldwide have access to a cellphone than to a toilet.

Accepted Answer

As of the latest data, more people globally have access to mobile phones than to basic sanitation facilities, including toilets. This is due to the rapid spread of cellular technology and infrastructure, which has outpaced improvements in sanitation in many developing regions.

Question 7

Wikipedia relies upon an advertising-based business model.

Accepted Answer

Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia that operates on a non-profit basis and relies on donations from its users and philanthropic organizations, not advertising revenue.

Question 8

A Turing Test determines the strength of an encryption method.

Accepted Answer

The Turing Test is designed to assess a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human, not to evaluate encryption methods.

Question 9

Accelerometers help robots stay upright.

Accepted Answer

Accelerometers measure acceleration, including the acceleration due to gravity, which can be used by robots to determine orientation and maintain balance, helping them stay upright.

Question 10

Researchers are developing brain-computer interfaces to enable severely handicapped people to control appliances with their thoughts.

Accepted Answer

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are being developed to allow individuals, including those with severe physical disabilities, to control external devices such as computers and appliances using their brain signals. This technology aims to improve the quality of life for these individuals by providing them with greater independence and communication capabilities.

Question 11

Explain the difference between deontological theories of ethics and utilitarian theories of ethics.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between deontological theories of...

Question 12

Explain the difference between negative rights and positive rights.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the difference between negative rights and...

Question 13

MATCHING
-utilitarian

Accepted Answer

"Inventing Right and Wrong" is associated with utilitarianism because it suggests a constructed approach to ethics, which aligns with utilitarian principles of determining right and wrong based on the outcomes of actions, particularly in terms of happiness or utility maximization.

Question 14

MATCHING
-deontological

Accepted Answer

Deontological ethics focuses on the inherent rightness or wrongness of actions, regardless of their consequences. "Discovering Right and Wrong" reflects this idea of uncovering the objective moral principles that guide our actions.

Question 15

MATCHING
-positive right

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
-positive right
...

Question 16

MATCHING
-negative right

Accepted Answer

The answer of MATCHING
-negative right
...

Quiz 1: Unwrapping the Gift