Europe's Imperial Expansion Led to the Creation of Protectorates in Which

Europe's imperial expansion led to the creation of protectorates in which the European powers

A) maintained local rulers in power and guaranteed them against internal upheaval and external
B) took over local rule, settled colonists, and deployed European troops.
C) took over local rule while protecting the territory from external attack.
D) signed treaties with local rulers giving them advisory privileges and investment and trade opportunities.