Question 1

The Poor Law of 1814

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The Poor Law of 1814, like the more famous Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834, was designed to reduce the cost of looking after the poor, but it did so by making the conditions of workhouses deliberately harsh and unattractive. This was to deter people from seeking assistance unless absolutely necessary, leading to conditions that laborers found oppressive.

Question 2

What social, economic, and political factors combined to bring about an industrial revolution in England? Why was England the first country in the world to experience such an economic revolution?

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Question 3

What were the social consequences of the Industrial Revolution in Britain? Did the standard of living of the average working person improve or deteriorate during the early decades of industrialization?

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Question 4

What were the major characteristics of Romanticism and what impact did it have on European culture in the first half of the 19th century? How did the Romantic viewpoint differ from that of the Enlightenment?

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Question 5

Compare and contrast the development of nationalism in two of the following areas: Italy, Germany, Russia, and other Slavic parts of Europe.

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Question 6

Describe Metternich's policies designed to prevent and repress revolutionary activity. How would you evaluate these policies-was there any way in which they benefited Europe?

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Question 7

Describe the political, social, and economic ideas of classical liberalism. What would a contemporary socialist find objectionable in these ideas?

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Question 8

Why in the 1830s did France, but not Britain, have a revolution?

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Question 9

What factors contributed to the emergence of feminism in the early nineteenth century? What was the relationship of feminists to other radicals during this period?

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Question 10

What were the enclosure acts? How did they set the stage for Britain's industrial revolution?

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Question 11

How did socialists differ from republicans? What common ground did they share?

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Question 12

Compare and contrast egalitarian and French feminisms.

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Question 13

Why did the new Spanish American republics receive the support of certain European powers? How did the U.S. react to the new republics?

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Question 14

Evaluate the July Revolution of 1830. In what ways was it revolutionary? How was it not revolutionary?

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Question 15

Why did the Reform Bill of 1832 have an ambiguous impact?

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Question 16

Who were the Chartists? Why did their movement become so popular in the nineteenth century?

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Question 17

Why did the Midlands become industrialized and densely populated when, formerly, most people had lived in the south?

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Question 18

What inventions and technological breakthroughs made possible the growth of the Midlands as an industrial center?

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Question 19

How did language shape or impede political organization and national unity in the early nineteenth century?

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Question 20

Within the diamond-shaped zone, why is it so difficult to give a realistic idea of overlapping languages? Describe the various ethnicities and languages within that zone.

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Quiz 11: Industries, Ideas, and the Struggle for Reform, 1815-1848