Question 1

Soil heats up much faster than water when the two are exposed to sunlight. Use that fact and your understanding of heat transfer to predict which way the wind will blow near the surface of the earth as the sun sets near the seashore.
A) The surface wind will blow from the land toward the water.
B) The surface wind will blow alternately back and forth along the shore, parallel to the boundary between land and water. It will reverse directions every few minutes.
C) The surface wind will blow steadily in one direction along the shore, parallel to the boundary between land and water.
D) The surface wind will blow from the water toward the land.

Accepted Answer

As the sun sets, the land cools down faster than the water. The cooler, denser air over the land moves towards the warmer, less dense air over the water, creating a breeze from the land to the water.

Question 2

In addition to heat energy, another product of fires is dangerous smoke and other chemicals. This fact is the reason for a ________ ________ in a furnace.
A) Heat Exchanger
B) Stock Exchanger
C) Heat Stabilizer
D) Catalytic Converter

Accepted Answer

A Heat Exchanger in a furnace is designed to transfer heat from the combustion process to the air or water being heated, while keeping the dangerous smoke and other chemicals separate from the heated medium.

Question 3

You are talking with your fiancée and looking up into a beautiful night sky and she comments "You know, it is sad that we couldn't tell if there were any black objects out there no matter how hot they were because a black object would never emit light at any temperature." You would comment:
A) Nothing. Even though you know it is a misconception and that black objects absorb and emit radiation perfectly, you don't want to ruin the evening.
B) Nothing, because she is correct.
C) Nothing, because black objects absorb light but don't emit any.
D) Nothing, because black objects emit light but don't absorb any.

Accepted Answer

Black objects, often idealized as "black bodies" in physics, absorb all incident electromagnetic radiation but also emit radiation when heated. The radiation emitted depends on the temperature of the object, following Planck's law, meaning that even black objects can emit light if they are hot enough, contrary to the misconception mentioned.

Question 4

In the poem "When You Are Old" by William Butler Yeats there is the following concluding line: "and bending down beside the glowing bars, murmur, a little sadly, how love fled and paced upon the mountains overhead and hid his face amid a crowd of stars." The glowing bars refer the metal bars that hold wood in a fireplace and they are transmitting heat energy by
A) radiation only
B) radiation and conduction.
C) conduction only
D) convection

Accepted Answer

The glowing bars in a fireplace transmit heat through both radiation (emitting heat energy in the form of electromagnetic waves that can be felt without direct contact) and conduction (direct transfer of heat through a material or to another object in contact with it).

Question 5

Which temperature scale has 373 as the boiling point of water?
A) Fahrenheit
B) Celsius
C) Centigrade
D) Kelvin

Accepted Answer

The Kelvin scale sets the boiling point of water at 373 K (Kelvin) under standard atmospheric pressure.

Question 6

You are hired as an engineer at a thermometer factory. Suppose you built a water thermometer by replacing the mercury in a mercury thermometer with water. You want to measure temperatures above freezing with it. How would it behave as the temperature drops from 5^o C to 1^o C? A) The reading will decrease and then begin increasing. B) The reading will steadily decrease. C) The reading will steadily increase D) The reading will increase and then begin decreasing.

Accepted Answer

As the temperature drops from 5°C to 1°C, the water in the thermometer would initially contract (like most substances) and the reading would decrease. However, water has a unique property where it expands upon cooling below 4°C due to the formation of a structured hexagonal lattice. This anomalous expansion would cause the reading to begin increasing as the temperature approaches 0°C.

Question 7

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with ice. In order to freeze the ice cream why is it essential to make the ice melt at a very low temperature?
A) Liquid water has a high specific heat.
B) The melted ice makes it easier for the air to remove energy from the ice cream.
C) The low temperature of the ice as well as its melting removes energy from the flavored cream, causing it to freeze.
D) It is easier to stir things around with the ice melted.

Accepted Answer

The low temperature of the ice, especially when salt is added to lower its melting point, absorbs heat from the surrounding environment (in this case, the flavored cream). This process of melting requires energy, which is taken from the cream, thus lowering its temperature and causing it to freeze.

Question 8

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with melting ice. When the ice cream freezes it give energy up to the ice / water mixture. What happens to the temperature of the ice / water mixture?
A) It will increase from the ice cream's heat.
B) It will not change because the energy is going into its melting the ice.
C) It will increase from stirring.
D) It decreases.

Accepted Answer

The temperature of the ice/water mixture does not change during the process because the energy given up by the ice cream is used to melt the ice, a process that occurs at a constant temperature. This is a characteristic of phase changes, where energy goes into changing the state of the substance (from solid to liquid in this case) without changing its temperature.

Question 9

A popular classroom demonstration involves placing a paper cup with water in it on a burner, and boiling the water in the cup. Although part of the cup may burn, the part containing the water does not because
A) paper is a poor conductor of heat.
B) it all happens too quickly for the paper to burn.
C) the water absorbs most of the heat from the flame.
D) the evolving steam burns the paper on the cup above the water line.

Accepted Answer

The water absorbs most of the heat from the flame, preventing the paper cup from reaching its ignition temperature where the water is present. This is why the part of the cup containing water does not burn.

Question 10

Some scientists assert that there would be no life on earth if ice did not have a molecular structure with a lot of open space because
A) ice would be so light that it could never form, leaving too much water on the Earth's surface.
B) ice would be less dense than it is now and float too much
C) ice would be denser than water and having a solid sink in its own liquid form would violate the conservation of energy.
D) the density of ice would be greater than water and lakes would freeze solid - from the bottom up.

Accepted Answer

Ice having a molecular structure with a lot of open space makes it less dense than water, allowing it to float. If ice were denser than water, it would sink, causing bodies of water to freeze from the bottom up, potentially killing aquatic life and disrupting ecosystems.

Question 11

You get a job as a dish washer to help with your college bills. The first thing the management tells you is to be very careful of the steam - it is exceedingly dangerous. In fact, steam at 100^o C can burn you much more than water at 100⁰ C. Please explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You get a job as a dish...

Question 12

Why do you feel cold (even on a very hot day) when you step out of a swimming pool and are wet?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why do you feel cold (even on...

Question 13

Why is it possible to get hypothermia (lowering your body temperature to a dangerous level) by spending a long time without any protective clothing in water that is kept as warm as 85^o F?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it possible to get hypothermia...

Question 14

Why is the temperature of coastal cities fairly steady, but in the desert it can vary considerably between night and day?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the temperature of coastal cities...

Question 15

Ice is
A) amorphous
B) very disordered
C) crystalline
D) just like liquid water only it move slower

Accepted Answer

Ice is crystalline, meaning its molecules are arranged in a well-ordered, repeating pattern, which distinguishes it from amorphous solids where the molecules are arranged randomly.

Question 16

Which temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water?
A) Fahrenheit
B) Celsius
C) No scale
D) Kelvin

Accepted Answer

No temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water. The boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius, 212 degrees Fahrenheit, and 373 Kelvin.

Question 17

Melting is a _______ ______ that requires energy ________ for the melting system.
A) phase transition; input
B) chemical change; input
C) phase transition; release
D) chemical change; release

Accepted Answer

Melting is a phase transition that requires energy input to overcome the forces holding the solid together, allowing it to become a liquid.

Question 18

Freezing is a _______ ______ that requires energy ________ for the melting system.
A) phase transition; input
B) chemical change; input
C) phase transition; release
D) chemical change; release

Accepted Answer

Freezing is a phase transition where a liquid turns into a solid, releasing energy in the form of heat.

Question 19

In studying tornado formation, it is thought that water condensing is a very important driving mechanism for the violent storm because
A) Water condensing takes a lot of energy from the environment.
B) Water condensing provides momentum.
C) Water condensing releases a lot of energy into the environment.
D) Water condensing changes the viscosity of the air which helps the tornado rotate.

Accepted Answer

Water condensing releases a significant amount of latent heat into the environment. This release of energy increases the temperature and pressure differences that drive the storm's convection currents, contributing to the tornado's intensity and sustainability.

Question 20

Your friend left their science project off until the "night before" and now they are frantic to build a homemade weather station that can measure relative humidity. They build the standard two - thermometer setup but their water had just been shut off and so they use salad oil on the wet bulb thermometer. Please describe how well their instrument will work and the physics behind your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your friend left their science project off...

Quiz 7: Heat and Phase Transitions

Soil heats up much faster than water when the two are exposed to sunlight. Use that fact and your understanding of heat transfer to predict which way the wind will blow near the surface of the earth as the sun sets near the seashore.

In addition to heat energy, another product of fires is dangerous smoke and other chemicals. This fact is the reason for a in a furnace.

You are talking with your fiancée and looking up into a beautiful night sky and she comments "You know, it is sad that we couldn't tell if there were any black objects out there no matter how hot they were because a black object would never emit light at any temperature." You would comment:

Which temperature scale has 373 as the boiling point of water?

You are hired as an engineer at a thermometer factory. Suppose you built a water thermometer by replacing the mercury in a mercury thermometer with water. You want to measure temperatures above freezing with it. How would it behave as the temperature drops from 5^o C to 1^o C?

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with ice. In order to freeze the ice cream why is it essential to make the ice melt at a very low temperature?

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with melting ice. When the ice cream freezes it give energy up to the ice / water mixture. What happens to the temperature of the ice / water mixture?

A popular classroom demonstration involves placing a paper cup with water in it on a burner, and boiling the water in the cup. Although part of the cup may burn, the part containing the water does not because

Some scientists assert that there would be no life on earth if ice did not have a molecular structure with a lot of open space because

You get a job as a dish washer to help with your college bills. The first thing the management tells you is to be very careful of the steam - it is exceedingly dangerous. In fact, steam at 100^o C can burn you much more than water at 100⁰ C. Please explain.

Why do you feel cold (even on a very hot day) when you step out of a swimming pool and are wet?

Why is it possible to get hypothermia (lowering your body temperature to a dangerous level) by spending a long time without any protective clothing in water that is kept as warm as 85^o F?

Why is the temperature of coastal cities fairly steady, but in the desert it can vary considerably between night and day?

Ice is

Which temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water?

Melting is a _ that requires energy ____ for the melting system.

Freezing is a _ that requires energy ____ for the melting system.

In studying tornado formation, it is thought that water condensing is a very important driving mechanism for the violent storm because

Quiz 7: Heat and Phase Transitions

Soil heats up much faster than water when the two are exposed to sunlight. Use that fact and your understanding of heat transfer to predict which way the wind will blow near the surface of the earth as the sun sets near the seashore.

In addition to heat energy, another product of fires is dangerous smoke and other chemicals. This fact is the reason for a ________ ________ in a furnace.

You are talking with your fiancée and looking up into a beautiful night sky and she comments "You know, it is sad that we couldn't tell if there were any black objects out there no matter how hot they were because a black object would never emit light at any temperature." You would comment:

Which temperature scale has 373 as the boiling point of water?

You are hired as an engineer at a thermometer factory. Suppose you built a water thermometer by replacing the mercury in a mercury thermometer with water. You want to measure temperatures above freezing with it. How would it behave as the temperature drops from 5o C to 1o C?

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with ice. In order to freeze the ice cream why is it essential to make the ice melt at a very low temperature?

In making ice cream, the flavored cream is in a container in contact with melting ice. When the ice cream freezes it give energy up to the ice / water mixture. What happens to the temperature of the ice / water mixture?

A popular classroom demonstration involves placing a paper cup with water in it on a burner, and boiling the water in the cup. Although part of the cup may burn, the part containing the water does not because

Some scientists assert that there would be no life on earth if ice did not have a molecular structure with a lot of open space because

You get a job as a dish washer to help with your college bills. The first thing the management tells you is to be very careful of the steam - it is exceedingly dangerous. In fact, steam at 100o C can burn you much more than water at 1000 C. Please explain.

Why do you feel cold (even on a very hot day) when you step out of a swimming pool and are wet?

Why is it possible to get hypothermia (lowering your body temperature to a dangerous level) by spending a long time without any protective clothing in water that is kept as warm as 85o F?

Why is the temperature of coastal cities fairly steady, but in the desert it can vary considerably between night and day?

Ice is

Which temperature scale has 273 as the boiling point of water?

Melting is a _______ ______ that requires energy ________ for the melting system.

Freezing is a _______ ______ that requires energy ________ for the melting system.

In studying tornado formation, it is thought that water condensing is a very important driving mechanism for the violent storm because

In addition to heat energy, another product of fires is dangerous smoke and other chemicals. This fact is the reason for a in a furnace.

You are hired as an engineer at a thermometer factory. Suppose you built a water thermometer by replacing the mercury in a mercury thermometer with water. You want to measure temperatures above freezing with it. How would it behave as the temperature drops from 5^o C to 1^o C?

You get a job as a dish washer to help with your college bills. The first thing the management tells you is to be very careful of the steam - it is exceedingly dangerous. In fact, steam at 100^o C can burn you much more than water at 100⁰ C. Please explain.

Why is it possible to get hypothermia (lowering your body temperature to a dangerous level) by spending a long time without any protective clothing in water that is kept as warm as 85^o F?

Melting is a _ that requires energy ____ for the melting system.

Freezing is a _ that requires energy ____ for the melting system.