In a laboratory study, 4-month-old Martin watches a ball roll down a track despite the presence of a visible barrier in its path. The procedure being used in this study appears to be

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The violation-of-expectation method is used in this study because it assesses infants' understanding of the world by presenting them with an event that violates physical laws (e.g., a ball rolling through a visible barrier), to see if they show surprise or increased attention, indicating that the event contradicted their expectations.

In a Laboratory Study, 4-Month-Old Martin Watches a Ball Roll