Question 1

At year-end 2011, approximately what percentage of adults under community supervision were probationers?

Accepted Answer

At year-end 2011, approximately 80% of adults under community supervision were probationers, highlighting the significant reliance on probation as a form of community supervision in the criminal justice system.

Question 2

At year-end 2011, 1 in ________ adults in the U.S. was under community supervision.

Accepted Answer

At year-end 2011, 1 in 50 adults in the U.S. was under community supervision, reflecting a significant portion of the adult population involved in the criminal justice system in some capacity.

Question 3

The overall probation population declined for the third consecutive year in 2011, led by five states that accounted for more than 50% of the total decrease. Which of the following states was NOT one of the five states with the largest decreases?

Accepted Answer

Maryland was not one of the five states with the largest decreases in the probation population in 2011. The states with significant decreases typically include those with large populations and extensive probation systems, such as California, Texas, and Florida, which often undertake reforms or policy changes impacting probation numbers.

Question 4

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States were male?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, approximately 75% of all probationers in the United States were male, reflecting a significant gender disparity in probation statistics.

Question 5

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States were white (non-Hispanic)?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, approximately 50% of all probationers in the United States were white (non-Hispanic), reflecting the demographic distribution within the criminal justice system's probation population at that time.

Question 6

In 2011, approximately what percentage of all probationers in the United States had committed felonies?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, about 50% of all probationers in the United States had committed felonies. This reflects the distribution of offenses among individuals under probation, where a significant portion involves more serious crimes, but not overwhelmingly so.

Question 7

At the end of 2012, approximately how many federal probation officers did the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts employ?

Accepted Answer

At the end of 2012, the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts employed approximately 5,000 federal probation officers.

Question 8

Which of the following states was the first to impose probation supervision fees?

Accepted Answer

Michigan was the first state to impose probation supervision fees, starting in 1980.

Question 9

According to data provided by the U.S. Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2011, approximately what percentage of the more than 2.2 million adults discharged from probation whose outcome was known had successfully met the conditions of their supervision?

Accepted Answer

According to the U.S. Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics, in 2011, approximately 66% of the more than 2.2 million adults discharged from probation whose outcome was known had successfully met the conditions of their supervision.

Question 10

As of 2005, how many states and the federal government had abolished early release by discretion of a parole board for all offenders?

Accepted Answer

As of 2005, 19 states and the federal government had abolished early release by discretion of a parole board for all offenders, reflecting a significant shift towards determinate sentencing practices.

Question 11

In 2011, approximately how many adults were under active parole supervision?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 2011, approximately how many adults were...

Question 12

In 2011, approximately what percentage of offenders being supervised outside a jail facility (excluding persons on probation or parole) were being supervised by personnel of day reporting centers?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, about 8% of offenders being supervised outside a jail facility, excluding those on probation or parole, were under the supervision of day reporting centers. This reflects a specific segment of community supervision aimed at providing structured oversight and support without the need for incarceration.

Question 13

In 2011, approximately what percentage of offenders being supervised outside of a jail facility (excluding persons on probation or parole) were being supervised in a home detention program?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, about 20% of offenders being supervised outside of a jail facility, excluding those on probation or parole, were in a home detention program.

Question 14

Of those offenders participating in a home detention program in 2011, approximately what percentage of them were being electronically monitored?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, about 95% of those participating in a home detention program were being electronically monitored, indicating a high reliance on technology for supervision.

Question 15

Florida's house arrest program in 2008 had a success rate of approximately what percentage? (Success was defined as completing a year in the program without being removed for committing new crimes or violating other program rules.)

Accepted Answer

Florida's house arrest program in 2008 reported a success rate of approximately 66%, indicating that two-thirds of participants completed a year in the program without committing new crimes or violating program rules.

Question 16

A major limitation of work-release programs is that most inmates must settle for low-skilled and low-paying jobs. This limitation exists for three reasons. Which of the following is NOT one of those reasons?

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D because the limitation discussed pertains to the types of jobs inmates can secure, not their behavior regarding financial obligations like restitution or dependent support.

Question 17

Approximately what percentage of state parolees successfully completed their term of supervision in 2011?

Accepted Answer

In 2011, approximately 50% of state parolees successfully completed their term of supervision.

Question 18

Approximately how many adults under some type of correctional supervision in the U.S. are serving community sentences?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Approximately how many adults under some type...

Question 19

Which of the following has NOT generally been found in research on parole release?

Accepted Answer

Research generally shows that younger parolees have higher recidivism rates, not higher rates of successful parole completion. This contradicts the statement that the younger the parolee, the greater the chance of success.

Question 20

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court establish that parole revocation and, by implication, probation revocation is to be a two-stage process? In the first stage, there must be an informal, preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause that a violation has occurred. In the second stage (assuming that probable cause is established in the first stage), there must be a formal court hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation.

Accepted Answer

Morrissey v. Brewer established that parole revocation (and by implication, probation revocation) must be a two-stage process, including a preliminary inquiry to establish probable cause and a formal hearing to determine if the violation warrants revocation.

Quiz 12: Community Corrections