To Investigate Biases Against Women in Personnel Decisions, Psychologists Performed

To investigate biases against women in personnel decisions, psychologists performed a randomized experiment on 50 male bank supervisors attending a management institute who volunteered for the study. The supervisors were asked to make a decision on whether to promote a hypothetical applicant based on a personnel file. For 26 of them, the application file described a female candidate; for the others it described a male. The files were identical in all other respects. Results on the promotion decisions for the two groups are shown below.
-The standardized statistic for this study is 2.59. How would you interpret this value?

A) The sample proportion of men promoted is 2.59 standard deviations above the sample proportion of women promoted.
B) The sample difference in proportion promoted between men and women (men - women) is 2.59 standard deviations above zero.
C) On average, sample differences in proportion promoted between men and women (men - women) are 2.59 standard deviations from zero.
D) There is a 2.59% chance of seeing a sample difference in proportion promoted between men and women (men - women) of the one observed or greater.