To Investigate Biases Against Women in Personnel Decisions, Psychologists Performed

To investigate biases against women in personnel decisions, psychologists performed a randomized experiment on 50 male bank supervisors attending a management institute who volunteered for the study. The supervisors were asked to make a decision on whether to promote a hypothetical applicant based on a personnel file. For 26 of them, the application file described a female candidate; for the others it described a male. The files were identical in all other respects. Results on the promotion decisions for the two groups are shown below.
-The p-value for this study is 0.009. How would you interpret this value?

A) There is a 0.9% probability that there is no bias against women in personnel decisions.
B) There is a 0.9% probability that there is a bias against women in personnel decisions.
C) If there were no bias against women in personnel decisions, there is a 0.9% probability of seeing a sample difference in proportion promoted between men and women (men - women) of 0.337 or greater.
D) If there were a bias against women in personnel decisions, there is a 0.9% probability of seeing a sample difference in proportion promoted between men and women (men - women) of 0.337 or greater.