Question 1

The biggest predictor of length of delay during the appraisal phase is:

Accepted Answer

The nature of the symptoms is the biggest predictor of delay during the appraisal phase, as individuals are more likely to delay seeking help if symptoms are ambiguous or not perceived as serious.

Question 2

Which of the following statements about health care utilization is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Older individuals often have more health issues due to aging and therefore seek health care more frequently than younger people, making statement B false.

Question 3

All of the following factors contribute to patient-practitioner communication problems EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Patients typically do not disclose too much irrelevant information as a significant factor in communication problems; instead, issues often arise from underreporting symptoms, interruptions by practitioners, or misunderstandings of provided information.

Question 4

Miles has an interactive relationship with his doctor, in which they both share information and make health care decisions together. This relationship is a good example of which type of model of the patient-practitioner relationship?

Accepted Answer

The mutual participation model describes a relationship where both the patient and the practitioner actively participate in the healthcare process, sharing information and making decisions together, which matches the scenario described.

Question 5

All of the following factors are thought to contribute to burnout in medical professionals EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The high cost of medical school is more related to a financial stressor before entering the profession rather than a direct contributor to burnout while practicing medicine. Burnout in medical professionals is more directly influenced by factors related to their work environment and job demands, such as emotional stress from patient care, lack of control over work conditions, and frequent experiences of patient outcomes perceived as failures.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about the consequences of nonadherence is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Nonadherence typically results in worsening symptoms or health outcomes, not an inability to see significant symptoms.

Question 7

Intentional nonadherence can be caused by all of the following factors EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Intentional nonadherence is typically influenced by factors like treatment aspects, individual differences, and social factors. Lack of information from the physician is more related to unintentional nonadherence, where the patient may not follow instructions due to misunderstanding or lack of knowledge.

Question 8

The most accurate method of measuring adherence is:

Accepted Answer

Blood or urine tests are considered the most accurate method of measuring adherence because they can directly detect the presence of the medication or its metabolites in the body, providing objective evidence of whether the patient has been taking the medication as prescribed.

Question 9

All of the following strategies have been shown to increase adherence EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Providing severe punishments for lack of adherence is not an effective strategy to increase adherence. Positive reinforcement strategies, such as providing easy-to-understand materials, reminders, and incentives, are more effective in encouraging adherence to treatment or instructions. Punitive measures can lead to resistance, fear, or avoidance rather than promoting cooperation and adherence.

Question 10

Which of the following people should be LEAST likely to adhere to medical recommendations?

Accepted Answer

Kramer is least likely to adhere to medical recommendations due to financial constraints, which can significantly impact one's ability to access or prioritize medical treatment.

Question 11

Which theory of addiction sees addictive behavior as caused by some type of moral weakness?

Accepted Answer

Self-control theory posits that addiction is a result of an individual's lack of self-discipline or moral weakness, failing to resist temptation or impulses.

Question 12

The emotional state most likely to trigger relapse is:

Accepted Answer

Negative emotions like boredom, anger, and frustration are significant triggers for relapse because they often lead individuals to seek out substances or behaviors that they associate with relief or escape from these uncomfortable feelings.

Question 13

Which of the following people should be MOST likely to relapse to their prior behavior?

Accepted Answer

Gordon is most likely to relapse because experiencing several major life events can cause significant stress, which is a common trigger for relapse into prior behaviors.

Question 14

All of the following strategies for preventing relapse should be effective EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Spending time in tempting situations to develop self-control over a given substance is generally not recommended as a strategy for preventing relapse. It can increase the risk of exposure to triggers and potentially lead to relapse rather than strengthening self-control.

Question 15

The abstinence violation effect refers to:

Accepted Answer

The abstinence violation effect describes how an individual who has committed to abstaining from a certain behavior (like smoking or drinking) may perceive a lapse (a one-time slip) as a catastrophic failure, leading to a complete relapse into the behavior. This cognitive distortion magnifies the significance of the lapse, undermining the individual's self-efficacy and commitment to change.

Question 16

In recent research by Hall, when the patient was _____________ the students perceived her as less seriously ill, less in need of lab tests and follow-up care, and more likely to require psychiatric evaluation than when the patient was _________.

Accepted Answer

This question highlights gender bias in medical settings, where research by Hall found that when the patient was female, students perceived her as less seriously ill and more in need of psychiatric evaluation than when the patient was male. This reflects a common bias in healthcare where symptoms presented by women are often taken less seriously or attributed to psychological factors.

Question 17

Research on doctor-patient communication shows that patients are most satisfied when their physician uses:

Accepted Answer

Patients are most satisfied when physicians adapt to the patient's preferred communication style, as it makes them feel understood and respected.

Question 18

Describe two benefits of screening and two costs of screening.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two benefits of screening and two...

Question 19

Describe two reasons why patient-practitioner communication can be ineffective, and two strategies for improving such communication.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two reasons why patient-practitioner communication can...

Question 20

Describe two factors leading to intentional nonadherence and two factors leading to unintentional nonadherence.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe two factors leading to intentional nonadherence...

Quiz 12: Health-Care Interaction: Screening, Utilization, Adherence, and Relapse