Question 1

Which of the following is the IDEA definition of visual impairment?
A) An impairment in vision that, even with corrections, adversely affects a child's educational performance.
B) Vision problems alone, or combined with other health problems, that prevent an individual from working.
C) Visual acuity less than 20/40 with the best possible correction in the better-seeing eye, and excluding those whose vision loss categorizes them as blind.
D) A level of vision which, with standard correction, hinders an individual in the planning and/or execution of a task, but which permits enhancement of the functional vision through use of optical or nonoptical devices, environmental modifications and/or techniques.

Accepted Answer

The IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) defines visual impairment as an impairment in vision that, even with correction, adversely affects a child's educational performance. This definition focuses on the impact of the vision impairment on educational performance rather than the medical severity of the impairment.

Question 2

Crystal is a premature baby. She was born at 20 weeks and placed immediately in an incubator. Based on age of onset, Crystal is ________.
A) adventitiously blind
B) congenitally blind
C) genetically blind
D) low vision

Accepted Answer

Congenitally blind refers to blindness that occurs from birth, which applies to Crystal since she was placed in an incubator immediately after being born at 20 weeks, indicating she was born with this condition.

Question 3

Gretchen was in a car accident when she was 3 years old. Although she was in a car seat, she was hit in the face by the air bag. Consequently, Gretchen was left with a visual impairment. Based on age of onset, Gretchen is ________.
A) adventitiously blind
B) congenitally blind
C) genetically blind
D) low vision

Accepted Answer

Adventitiously blind refers to individuals who lose their sight after birth, which applies to Gretchen since she was not born with a visual impairment but acquired it due to an accident.

Question 4

This professional is a medical doctor who specializes in eye disorders, conducts physical examinations of the eye, prescribes corrective lenses and medicines, prescribes drugs, and performs surgery.
A) Optician
B) Optometrist
C) Chiropractor
D) Ophthalmologist

Accepted Answer

Ophthalmologists are medical doctors who specialize in eye and vision care, including prescribing corrective lenses, medications, and performing surgeries. Opticians fit and sell glasses but do not prescribe medications or perform surgery. Optometrists can examine eyes for vision and health problems and prescribe glasses or contacts, but their ability to prescribe medications and perform surgeries is limited compared to ophthalmologists. Chiropractors focus on the musculoskeletal system, not eye care.

Question 5

Susan was seen by an eye specialist and was identified as having tunnel vision. This means that Susan ________.
A) has impaired central vision but has peripheral vision
B) has impaired peripheral vision but has central vision
C) has 20/200 vision with corrections
D) has 20/20 vision

Accepted Answer

Tunnel vision refers to a condition where a person has lost their peripheral vision but retains their central vision. This means they can see objects directly in front of them but have a reduced ability to see objects to the side.

Question 6

What percentage of children require special education services because of visual impairments?
A) Less than 0.06%
B) 9%
C) 5%
D) More than 20%

Accepted Answer

Less than 0.06% of children require special education services due to visual impairments, indicating that visual impairments are a relatively rare cause for the need for special education.

Question 7

The most common eye problems in children, that do not require special education services, include all the following EXCEPT ________.
A) myopia
B) strabismus
C) amblyopia
D) retinoblastoma

Accepted Answer

Retinoblastoma is a rare type of eye cancer that can occur in children, not a common eye problem like myopia (nearsightedness), strabismus (misalignment of the eyes), or amblyopia (lazy eye).

Question 8

Bill is a six-year-old student with visual impairments. The teacher and his family have been concerned about Bill's social skills. The teacher has been recording observations of Bill during classroom interactions. The teacher noticed all the following indicators of Bill's social skills challenges EXCEPT ________.
A) engages in inappropriate acts of affection
B) becomes disoriented by quick, unpredictable movements of sighted peers
C) stands too close (i.e., invades personal space)
D) asks too many irrelevant questions

Accepted Answer

Bill becoming disoriented by quick, unpredictable movements of sighted peers is more indicative of his visual impairment rather than a social skills challenge. The other options (A, C, D) directly relate to behaviors that could indicate challenges in social interactions.

Question 9

Where do most students with visual impairments receive their education?
A) Neighborhood schools and general education classrooms
B) Specialized schools
C) Self-contained classrooms
D) Rehabilitation settings

Accepted Answer

Most students with visual impairments receive their education in neighborhood schools and general education classrooms, as part of efforts to provide inclusive education and ensure that students with disabilities have the same educational opportunities as their peers.

Question 10

All the following are advantages of specialized schools EXCEPT ________.
A) the faculty and staff have expertise and training in visual disabilities
B) the facilities are often state-of-the art concerning visual accommodations
C) the facilities offer interactions with enrolled sighted peers
D) students can be a part of a community where they do not feel different

Accepted Answer

Specialized schools for students with visual disabilities are designed to cater specifically to their needs, which means that they often do not offer regular interactions with sighted peers as their primary focus is on students with visual impairments. This contrasts with inclusive schools, where students with disabilities are integrated with their sighted peers.

Question 11

Leona is a student with low vision. She uses vision as her primary method of learning. Leona's teachers talk to the vision specialist to get suggestions of accommodation that can be made for Leona. The vision specialist recommends all the following accommodations EXCEPT ________.
A) teach the use of Braille
B) use enlarged print
C) use visual cues
D) provide preferential seating

Accepted Answer

Teaching the use of Braille is not typically recommended for students who use vision as their primary method of learning and have low vision, as Braille is a tactile reading system designed for individuals who are blind or have very limited vision. The other options (B, C, D) are appropriate accommodations for students with low vision.

Question 12

Mr. Smith has two students with visual impairments in his honors English class. One student is legally blind and the second student has low vision. Mr. Smith wants to know what accommodations he can implement that will assist both students. The vision specialist suggests the following accommodation for all students with visual impairments EXCEPT ________.
A) enlarged print
B) descriptive videos
C) personal readers
D) digital or electronic textbooks

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mr. Smith has two students with visual...

Question 13

Mrs. Green has just been notified that when school starts in the fall, she will have a legally blind student join her third-grade class. Mrs. Green has been discussing with the vision specialist how to make the classroom safe for the new student with a vision impairment. What suggestions did the vision specialist offer Mrs. Green concerning classroom safety?
A) Cover the student's desk with brightly colored paper to help him or her locate it easily.
B) Avoid placing equipment in front of windows.
C) Secure rugs or mats firmly to the floor.
D) Provide larger desks and storage areas to accommodate technology devices.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Mrs. Green has just been notified that...

Question 14

What home-based instruction can support the gross motor development of infants with visual impairment?
A) Infants with visual impairment are also born with physical impairments and physical therapy can help.
B) Family members and caregivers can attend to subtle cues and respond through tactile and auditory means.
C) Provide opportunities to touch items that other children learn about through sight.
D) Describe explicit explanations and descriptions of what is happening in the environment.

Accepted Answer

Family members and caregivers can support gross motor development by responding to infants' cues through tactile and auditory means, which are crucial for infants with visual impairments.

Question 15

All the following are components of the expanded core curriculum for students who are blind, and some students with low vision, EXCEPT ________.
A) social skills
B) assistive technology
C) test taking skills
D) orientation and mobility

Accepted Answer

The expanded core curriculum for students who are blind or have low vision includes specialized areas of education designed to supplement the core academic curriculum. It addresses the unique learning needs of these students, such as social skills, assistive technology, and orientation and mobility, but does not specifically include test taking skills as a unique component. Test taking skills are considered a part of the general education curriculum and are not unique to the education of students who are blind or have low vision.

Question 16

Mr. Vaugh, the teacher of the visually impaired (TVI), has been asked to give a presentation at the first faculty meeting of the year. Mr. Vaugh wants teachers to know the type of supports that he can provide as a TVI. All the following are supports that Mr. Vaugh can provide except ________.
A) reinforce concepts from the core academic subjects
B) provide instruction in disability-specific skills, such as braille
C) teach components of the expanded core curriculum
D) provide an evaluation of the medical status of children's eyes

Accepted Answer

TVIs are trained to provide educational support, including reinforcing academic concepts, teaching braille, and covering the expanded core curriculum. They are not medically trained to evaluate the medical status of children's eyes; this is the role of an ophthalmologist or optometrist.

Question 17

Braille consists of a system of ________ raised dots, arranged in two vertical lines contained in a cell.
A) nine
B) eight
C) seven
D) six

Accepted Answer

Braille consists of a system of six raised dots, arranged in two vertical lines contained in a cell, allowing for 64 possible combinations.

Question 18

The use of braille is declining for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.
A) reading braille can be cumbersome and slow
B) a cadre of teachers are available who know how to teach and use braille
C) becoming minimally proficient in the use of braille takes expensive training and practice
D) braille is difficult for students with cognitive impairments to completely master

Accepted Answer

The presence of teachers who know how to teach and use braille does not contribute to its decline; rather, it supports its use and learning.

Question 19

IDEA addressed concerns about braille use which is summarized in all the following statements EXCEPT ________.
A) IEPs must address the issue of braille instruction and the use of braille in classroom settings
B) the child's reading and writing skills, educational needs, and future need for instruction in braille or use of braille must be evaluated
C) employers must provide braille accommodations for workers who are blind
D) the decision whether to use braille cannot be based on factors such as the availability of alternative reading methods or of braille instruction

Accepted Answer

IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act) focuses on the educational requirements for children with disabilities, including the provision and evaluation of braille instruction within educational settings. It does not address employer obligations for providing braille accommodations in the workplace.

Question 20

In this stage of the career education process, students with visual impairments may have gaps in their knowledge base that can be addressed by explicitly describing everyday sights, allowing students to tactilely explore job-related items, and explaining what might otherwise be considered common knowledge.
A) Career awareness
B) Career exploration
C) Career preparation
D) Career placement

Accepted Answer

Career awareness is the stage where students learn about various careers and what they entail. For students with visual impairments, this stage is crucial for filling in gaps in their knowledge about everyday sights and job-related items, which they might not have encountered or understood fully due to their visual limitations.

Quiz 13: Visual Disabilities: Low Vision and Blindness

Which of the following is the IDEA definition of visual impairment?

Crystal is a premature baby. She was born at 20 weeks and placed immediately in an incubator. Based on age of onset, Crystal is ________.

Gretchen was in a car accident when she was 3 years old. Although she was in a car seat, she was hit in the face by the air bag. Consequently, Gretchen was left with a visual impairment. Based on age of onset, Gretchen is ________.

This professional is a medical doctor who specializes in eye disorders, conducts physical examinations of the eye, prescribes corrective lenses and medicines, prescribes drugs, and performs surgery.

Susan was seen by an eye specialist and was identified as having tunnel vision. This means that Susan ________.

What percentage of children require special education services because of visual impairments?

The most common eye problems in children, that do not require special education services, include all the following EXCEPT ________.

Where do most students with visual impairments receive their education?

All the following are advantages of specialized schools EXCEPT ________.

Leona is a student with low vision. She uses vision as her primary method of learning. Leona's teachers talk to the vision specialist to get suggestions of accommodation that can be made for Leona. The vision specialist recommends all the following accommodations EXCEPT ________.

What home-based instruction can support the gross motor development of infants with visual impairment?

All the following are components of the expanded core curriculum for students who are blind, and some students with low vision, EXCEPT ________.

Mr. Vaugh, the teacher of the visually impaired (TVI) , has been asked to give a presentation at the first faculty meeting of the year. Mr. Vaugh wants teachers to know the type of supports that he can provide as a TVI. All the following are supports that Mr. Vaugh can provide except ________.

Braille consists of a system of ________ raised dots, arranged in two vertical lines contained in a cell.

The use of braille is declining for all the following reasons EXCEPT ________.

IDEA addressed concerns about braille use which is summarized in all the following statements EXCEPT ________.