The effective charge acting on a single valence electron outside a closed shell is about Ne, where N is:
A) the atomic number of the nucleus
B) the atomic mass of the atom
C) usually between 1 and 3
D) half the atomic number
E) less than 1

Question

Quizplus · Accepted Answer

The effective charge acting on a valence electron is reduced due to the shielding effect of the inner electrons. It is typically a small integer value, usually between 1 and 3, reflecting a significantly reduced net positive charge experienced by the outermost electrons.

The Effective Charge Acting on a Single Valence Electron Outside