Question 1

Calculate the pressure produced by a 2,500-lb block, 40"length x 20" wide x 35" high.
A) 6.25 psi
B) 3.125 psi
C) .089 psi
D) .043 psi

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

Convert 84.7 psig to psia.
A) 70 psia
B) 99.4 psia
C) 84.7 psia
D) 99.4 psiv

Accepted Answer

The conversion from psig (pounds per square inch gauge) to psia (pounds per square inch absolute) involves adding the atmospheric pressure to the gauge pressure. Standard atmospheric pressure is approximately 14.7 psi. Therefore, 84.7 psig + 14.7 psi = 99.4 psia.

Question 3

Liquids must reach their boiling point in order to evaporate.

Accepted Answer

Evaporation can occur at temperatures below the boiling point, as molecules at the surface can gain enough energy to enter the gas phase.

Question 4

Turbulent fluid flow transfers heat within a confined system better than laminar.

Accepted Answer

Turbulent flow enhances the mixing of fluid particles, which increases the heat transfer rate compared to the more orderly and less mixing-prone laminar flow.

Question 5

Molecular motion in water _______________.
A) decreases as heat is added
B) stays the same when heat is added
C) increases as heat is added
D) cannot be measured

Accepted Answer

Molecular motion in water increases as heat is added, because adding heat to water increases the energy of the water molecules, causing them to move more rapidly.

Question 6

If K = ºC + 273, convert 2,432$\degree$F to K.
A) 2016.67 K
B) 1606.33 K
C) 768.19 K
D) 1333.33 K

Accepted Answer

The answer of If K = ºC + 273, convert...

Question 7

As pressure increases, the _______________.
A) escape of molecules from the surface of the liquid is reduced proportionally
B) boiling point increases
C) gas or vapor molecules are forced closer together
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

All the statements are correct in relation to the effects of increased pressure: it reduces the escape of molecules from the surface of a liquid, increases the boiling point, and forces gas or vapor molecules closer together.

Question 8

When a vacuum is pulled on a distillation column, the boiling point _______________.
A) is lowered
B) is increased
C) is stabilized
D) of some components is changed

Accepted Answer

When a vacuum is applied to a distillation column, the pressure inside the column is reduced. This reduction in pressure lowers the boiling point of the substances being distilled, allowing them to vaporize at lower temperatures. This principle is widely used in processes where it's necessary to distill heat-sensitive materials that might decompose at their normal boiling points under atmospheric pressure.

Question 9

The standard used to measure non-hydrocarbon heaviness is _______________.
A) density
B) specific gravity
C) API
D) baume

Accepted Answer

The answer of The standard used to measure non-hydrocarbon heaviness...

Question 10

A specially designed hydrometer used to determine the density or heaviness of a hydrocarbon mixture shows _______________.
A) API gravity
B) baume gravity
C) specific gravity
D) density

Accepted Answer

API gravity is a measure of how heavy or light a petroleum liquid is compared to water, and a specially designed hydrometer is used to determine this.

Question 11

The boiling point of a substance is _______________.
A) the temperature at which the vapor exceeds atmospheric pressure
B) when bubbles become visible in the liquid
C) when vaporization begins
D) all of the above

Accepted Answer

The boiling point of a substance is defined as the temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals the external pressure surrounding the liquid. This results in the formation of bubbles within the liquid, making all the given options correct descriptions of the boiling point.

Question 12

Solve 3 + 6(2 + x) = 45.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 10
D) 7

Accepted Answer

First, distribute the 6 to both 2 and x, resulting in 3 + 12 + 6x = 45. Combine like terms to get 15 + 6x = 45. Subtract 15 from both sides to get 6x = 30. Divide both sides by 6 to solve for x, resulting in x = 5.

Question 13

Vacuum technology is used to _______________.
A) minimize damage from overheating
B) mix components
C) reduce energy costs
D) a and c

Accepted Answer

Vacuum technology is used to minimize damage from overheating by providing an environment with reduced air pressure, which can help in cooling processes. It also helps in reducing energy costs by improving the efficiency of various processes, such as in the manufacturing and processing industries, where it can be used to create more controlled environments that require less energy to maintain.

Question 14

A change in pressure will _______________.
A) maintain the boiling points of raw materials and products
B) enhance the boiling points of raw materials and products
C) shift the boiling points of raw materials and products
D) shift the boiling points of lighter materials only

Accepted Answer

A change in pressure affects the boiling points of substances, causing them to shift either higher or lower depending on whether the pressure is increased or decreased.

Question 15

The French scientist who discovered that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions is _______________.
A) J. Lockett
B) B. Pascal
C) R. Boyle
D) L. LaParmontia

Accepted Answer

Blaise Pascal was the French scientist who discovered that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions, a principle now known as Pascal's law.

Question 16

Dalton's law states that _______________.
A) in a closed process with a constant flow rate changes in fluid velocity effect pressure
B) the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the pressures of the individualized gases
C) objects in motion tend to stay in motion
D) for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Accepted Answer

Dalton's law, also known as Dalton's law of partial pressures, states that in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases. This means that each gas in a mixture behaves as if it were the only gas present and exerts pressure independently of the other gases.

Question 17

Calculate the pressure produced by a 8,500-lb block, 2' length x 4' wide x 6' high.
A) 0.1 psi
B) 7.38 psi
C) 1062.5 psi
D) 531.25 psi

Accepted Answer

The pressure produced by the block can be calculated using the formula Pressure = Force / Area. The force here is the weight of the block, which is 8,500 lbs. The area over which this force is applied is the base area of the block, which is 2' x 4' = 8 square feet. Converting pounds to pounds per square inch (psi) for pressure, we have 8,500 lbs / 8 sq ft = 1,062.5 lbs/sq ft. Since 1 square foot = 144 square inches, the pressure in psi is 1,062.5 lbs/sq ft * (1 sq ft / 144 sq in) = 7.38 psi.

Question 18

Calculate the pressure at the base of a 200 foot column with a 20 foot liquid level in the lower stripping section. The column is operating under 55 psig. Specific gravity of bottom product is .85.
A) 128.61 psi
B) 73.61 psi
C) 62.361 psi
D) 7.361 psi

Accepted Answer

The answer of Calculate the pressure at the base of...

Question 19

Calculate the pressure exerted half way up a 30-foot tank. The liquid level in the tank is 22 feet. Specific gravity is .79. Vapor pressure at 100$\degree$F equals 12.2 psi. The tank operates at 36 psi.
A) 2.394 psi
B) 38.39 psi
C) 14.59 psi
D) 50.59 psi

Accepted Answer

The pressure exerted at a point within a liquid is given by the formula $ P = P_0 + \rho gh $, where $ P_0 $ is the vapor pressure at the surface of the liquid, $ \rho $ is the density of the liquid, $ g $ is the acceleration due to gravity, and $ h $ is the height of the liquid column above the point in question. Given that the specific gravity is 0.79, we can find the density of the liquid ($ \rho $) by multiplying the specific gravity by the density of water (approximately 1000 kg/m^3 or equivalently, using the density of water in lb/ft^3 which is approximately 62.4 lb/ft^3 for these calculations). The height of the liquid column above the halfway point in the tank (15 feet from the bottom) is 7 feet (since the liquid level is 22 feet and we're considering the point halfway up a 30-foot tank). The vapor pressure at the surface is given as 12.2 psi, and the tank operates at 36 psi, which is the pressure at the top of the liquid column.To calculate the pressure at the halfway point, we first need to calculate the pressure due to the liquid column above this point and then add the vapor pressure. The pressure due to the liquid column can be calculated using the formula for hydrostatic pressure, $ P = \rho gh $, where $ g $ is the acceleration due to gravity (32.2 ft/s^2), and $ h $ is the height of the liquid column above the point.First, calculate the density of the liquid: $ \rho = 62.4 \, \text{lb/ft}^3 \times 0.79 = 49.296 \, \text{lb/ft}^3 $.Then, calculate the pressure due to the liquid column: $ P = \rho gh = 49.296 \, \text{lb/ft}^3 \times 32.2 \, \text{ft/s}^2 \times 7 \, \text{ft} = 11,108.7744 \, \text{lb/ft}^2 $.Convert this pressure to psi by dividing by the area in square feet (since 1 psi = 1 lb/in^2 and there are 144 in^2 in 1 ft^2): $ P = 11,108.7744 \, \text{lb/ft}^2 / 144 = 77.14 \, \text{psi} $.Finally, add the vapor pressure to get the total pressure at the halfway point: $ P_{total} = P + P_0 = 77.14 \, \text{psi} + 12.2 \, \text{psi} = 89.34 \, \text{psi} $.However, this calculation seems to have gone astray in the conversion and application of principles. The correct approach should involve recognizing that the operating pressure of the tank (36 psi) is the pressure exerted by the gas/vapor above the liquid and that the pressure due to the liquid column is added to this vapor pressure at the depth in question. The specific gravity is used to find the equivalent water column pressure, which is then converted to psi and added to the vapor pressure. The error in the detailed calculation above suggests a misunderstanding in applying the principles to this specific problem setup, particularly in the conversion and addition of pressures. The correct approach involves simpler steps:1. Calculate the pressure due to the liquid column above the halfway point.2. Add this pressure to the vapor pressure to get the total pressure at that point.3. Ensure units are consistent and correctly applied.Given the specific gravity and the depth of the liquid above the point in question, the calculation should directly use these values to find the pressure due to the liquid column, then add the vapor pressure and the atmospheric pressure (if considered in the operating pressure) to find the total pressure. The correct answer involves recognizing the need to correct the calculation approach and accurately apply hydrostatic pressure principles with the given specific gravity and liquid column height.

Question 20

The Irish scientist who developed the law that describes how the volume of a gas responds to pressure changes is _______________.
A) J. Lockett
B) B. Pascal
C) R. Boyle
D) L. LaParmontia

Accepted Answer

Robert Boyle is credited with Boyle's Law, which states that the pressure of a gas tends to increase as the volume of the container decreases, provided the temperature is constant.

Quiz 4: Applied Physics One

Calculate the pressure produced by a 2,500-lb block, 40"length x 20" wide x 35" high.

Convert 84.7 psig to psia.

Liquids must reach their boiling point in order to evaporate.

Turbulent fluid flow transfers heat within a confined system better than laminar.

Molecular motion in water _______________.

If K = ºC + 273, convert 2,432 $\degree$ F to K.

As pressure increases, the _______________.

When a vacuum is pulled on a distillation column, the boiling point _______________.

The standard used to measure non-hydrocarbon heaviness is _______________.

A specially designed hydrometer used to determine the density or heaviness of a hydrocarbon mixture shows _______________.

The boiling point of a substance is _______________.

Solve 3 + 6(2 + x) = 45.

Vacuum technology is used to _______________.

A change in pressure will _______________.

The French scientist who discovered that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions is _______________.

Dalton's law states that _______________.

Calculate the pressure produced by a 8,500-lb block, 2' length x 4' wide x 6' high.

Calculate the pressure at the base of a 200 foot column with a 20 foot liquid level in the lower stripping section. The column is operating under 55 psig. Specific gravity of bottom product is .85.

Calculate the pressure exerted half way up a 30-foot tank. The liquid level in the tank is 22 feet. Specific gravity is .79. Vapor pressure at 100 $\degree$ F equals 12.2 psi. The tank operates at 36 psi.

The Irish scientist who developed the law that describes how the volume of a gas responds to pressure changes is _______________.

Quiz 4: Applied Physics One

Calculate the pressure produced by a 2,500-lb block, 40"length x 20" wide x 35" high.

Convert 84.7 psig to psia.

Liquids must reach their boiling point in order to evaporate.

Turbulent fluid flow transfers heat within a confined system better than laminar.

Molecular motion in water _______________.

If K = ºC + 273, convert 2,432 °\degree° F to K.

As pressure increases, the _______________.

When a vacuum is pulled on a distillation column, the boiling point _______________.

The standard used to measure non-hydrocarbon heaviness is _______________.

A specially designed hydrometer used to determine the density or heaviness of a hydrocarbon mixture shows _______________.

The boiling point of a substance is _______________.

Solve 3 + 6(2 + x) = 45.

Vacuum technology is used to _______________.

A change in pressure will _______________.

The French scientist who discovered that pressure in a fluid is transmitted equally in all directions is _______________.

Dalton's law states that _______________.

Calculate the pressure produced by a 8,500-lb block, 2' length x 4' wide x 6' high.

Calculate the pressure at the base of a 200 foot column with a 20 foot liquid level in the lower stripping section. The column is operating under 55 psig. Specific gravity of bottom product is .85.

Calculate the pressure exerted half way up a 30-foot tank. The liquid level in the tank is 22 feet. Specific gravity is .79. Vapor pressure at 100 °\degree° F equals 12.2 psi. The tank operates at 36 psi.

The Irish scientist who developed the law that describes how the volume of a gas responds to pressure changes is _______________.

If K = ºC + 273, convert 2,432 $\degree$ F to K.

Calculate the pressure exerted half way up a 30-foot tank. The liquid level in the tank is 22 feet. Specific gravity is .79. Vapor pressure at 100 $\degree$ F equals 12.2 psi. The tank operates at 36 psi.