Question 1

The term "globalization"is used by editors of this reader to refer to the worldwide movement of
A) finance capital.
B) cultural forms.
C) people of all different cultural backgrounds.
D) ideas, materials, technology, labor, capital, cultural forms, and people.

Accepted Answer

Globalization encompasses the worldwide movement of ideas, materials, technology, labor, capital, cultural forms, and people, making it a comprehensive term that includes all the elements listed in the other options and more.

Question 2

All of the following are negative impacts of globalization EXCEPT:
A) expansion of human rights and democracy
B) global spread of infectious diseases
C) exploitation of labor issues
D) global ecological issues such as deforestation

Accepted Answer

Expansion of human rights and democracy is generally considered a positive impact of globalization, as it often leads to improved governance and social conditions in various countries. The other options (B, C, D) are typically viewed as negative consequences of globalization.

Question 3

The main principles of the Rastafarian religion are love, meditation, ital, and
A) reasoning.
B) repatriation.
C) justice.
D) harmony.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 4

The "upper room"is
A) a higher state of being that can be achieved through the application of Rastafarian principles.
B) the second story of Nigel's house where the brethren gather to reason.
C) the "head space" of all who are slaves to Babylon.
D) a term used to refer to the "establishment."

Accepted Answer

The "upper room" refers to a specific physical location, often a room on the second story of a house, where people gather for meetings or discussions. In this context, it is the place in Nigel's house where the brethren gather to reason.

Question 5

During a reasoning session at David and Lion's house on the pier, David draws on passages from
A) Haile Ras Tafari Selassi I's famous treatise on the principles of Rastafarianism.
B) ancient Ethiopian texts.
C) the Bible.
D) the lyrics of Bob Marley.

Accepted Answer

David draws on passages from the Bible during their reasoning session. Reasoning sessions are a Rastafarian ritual that involves discussion and the smoking of ganja to reach a higher spiritual plane, and the Bible is a central text in Rastafarian beliefs.

Question 6

According to the brethren who met to "reason"at David and Lion's, reggae musicians
A) are mass communicators sharing the gospel of Rastafarianism.
B) are the central facilitators of Rasta worship.
C) preach many principles that are totally contrary to the philosophy of Rastafari.
D) exploit Rastafarian principles for their own benefit.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the brethren who met to...

Question 7

In light of Lewis's interviews, we might conclude that a central theme in Rastafarian reasoning sessions is
A) the denunciation of hypocrisy.
B) hope for repatriation to Ethiopia.
C) the life affirming institution of family.
D) the advancement of Rastafarian culture through world-wide reggae music.

Accepted Answer

Rastafarian reasoning sessions often focus on the denunciation of societal hypocrisy, as they critique the injustices and falsehoods present in the world, aligning with Lewis's interviews.

Question 8

Conversion to a new religion brings up all of the following social/group related issues EXCEPT:
A) Socializing the new convert
B) Personal questioning of the decision to convert
C) Establishing authenticity of the conversion
D) Structures of internal support for new converts

Accepted Answer

Personal questioning of the decision to convert is more of an internal, individual issue rather than a social or group-related issue. The other options (A, C, D) directly involve social or group dynamics in the context of religious conversion.

Question 9

Political issues related to disagreements about issues of conversion include:
A) Conflict over the tenure of rabbis who play a powerful role in deciding who can convert
B) Tension between more and less Orthadox factions within the Jewish community
C) Revolts against religious leaders over continuously changing and seemingly arbitrary guidelines as to who can convert
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (A, B, and C) are examples of political issues related to disagreements about conversion. These issues can arise within religious communities, such as the Jewish community, where there can be conflict over the authority of rabbis, tensions between different levels of orthodoxy, and frustration over changing guidelines for conversion.

Question 10

Religious conversion for social reasons in modern Denmark
A) has decreased with more conservative Rabbis
B) can be as successful as conversion for spiritual reasons
C) still is a hotly contested and debated socio-political issue
D) All of the above

Accepted Answer

In modern Denmark, religious conversion for social reasons encompasses various dimensions. The influence of more conservative Rabbis can lead to a decrease in conversions due to stricter requirements or interpretations of religious law, making it harder for individuals seeking conversion for social reasons. Despite this, conversions for social reasons can be as successful as those for spiritual reasons, depending on the individual's commitment and the community's acceptance. Furthermore, the topic of religious conversion, including the motivations behind it, remains a hotly contested and debated socio-political issue in Denmark, reflecting broader discussions on religion, identity, and integration in society.

Question 11

Islam condemns the accumulation of wealth based on
A) trade and commerce in the free market.
B) private international business agreements.
C) interest earned by loaning money.
D) small and medium sized business negotiations.

Accepted Answer

Islam specifically condemns the accumulation of wealth through interest (or usury) earned by loaning money, as it is considered exploitative and unjust. This is referred to as "riba" in Islamic teachings.

Question 12

In many countries, Muslim women have gained significant rights concerning
A) recently legalized business practices.
B) the purchase of Western goods
C) the wearing of makeup and jewelry.
D) marriage and divorce.

Accepted Answer

In many countries, significant strides have been made in granting Muslim women rights related to marriage and divorce, allowing them more autonomy and legal protections in these aspects of their lives.

Question 13

Fleuhr-Lobban compares family planning in Muslim and Western nations and concludes that
A) Western nations have not seen the same resistance and social turbulence as Muslim nations.
B) Muslim nations have not seen the same resistance and social turbulence as Western nations.
C) Western nations have a stronger grasp of the needs and desires of women.
D) the birth rate in Muslim countries is too high and needs to be more effectively controlled.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Fleuhr-Lobban compares family planning in Muslim and...

Question 14

Hoodfar asserts that it is a painful and frustrating experience to
A) live under the veil in Muslim society.
B) attempt to convey the falsehood of western assumptions about the veil without denying the patriarchal boundaries faced in the Islamic religion.
C) reject one's religion in favor of feminist principles, but it is a choice that every self-respecting Muslim woman must make.
D) move back to Islamic society after having lived in the West for over twenty years.

Accepted Answer

Hoodfar emphasizes the complexity and difficulty of challenging Western misconceptions about the veil while acknowledging the patriarchal constraints within Islam, without outright rejecting or affirming the practice.

Question 15

According to Hoodfar, western assumptions of the veil as a symbol of ignorance and oppression
A) arise from a failure to contextualize non-Western societies and unwillingness to let go of static ethnocentric images.
B) are completely fabricated and have no historical or cultural foundation.
C) are entirely correct, but their approach to the problem belittles the role of women as social actors.
D) could hardly be more opposite to the reality of the situation, as only powerful and wealthy women in traditional Islamic society were veiled.

Accepted Answer

Hoodfar suggests that Western perceptions of the veil stem from a lack of understanding of the cultural and societal contexts in which it is worn, as well as a reluctance to move beyond ethnocentric views. This does not imply that the assumptions are entirely fabricated or correct, nor does it suggest that veiling was exclusive to powerful and wealthy women.

Question 16

In Muslim culture, veiling is a significant social institution and mechanism
A) in the service of patriarchy.
B) of liberation for Muslim women.
C) both in the service of and the subversion of the patriarchal system.
D) of matriarchal control over daughters.

Accepted Answer

Veiling can serve both to uphold patriarchal values by marking women's modesty and social status, and to subvert them by offering women a form of autonomy and protection, allowing them to participate more freely in public life.

Question 17

When the shah's modernist government outlawed the chador in Iran in 1936
A) women suddenly had a great deal more freedom than ever before, prompting a fundamentalist backlash.
B) the pan-Middle East women's right's movement was born.
C) women began entering the public sphere in massive numbers.
D) many independent women became dependent, among many other negative and restrictive consequences of the sweeping and empty measure.

Accepted Answer

The outlawing of the chador by the Shah's government in 1936 had numerous unintended negative consequences, including making many independent women dependent. This measure was seen as sweeping and empty, failing to consider the cultural and social implications of such a ban on women's lives.

Question 18

The response and participation of white western feminists/activists in the battle against the veil and its oppression of women
A) has given Muslim women a positive model to work toward.
B) actually implicates them in collaboration with a racist and patriarchal approach, forcing Muslim women to choose between fighting racism or sexism.
C) has been a source of inspiration and financial support for the growing global movement for Muslim women's rights.
D) has been inhibited by the fact that most Muslim women are opposed to "liberating reforms" as they are "lost to the faith."

Accepted Answer

The participation of white western feminists/activists in the battle against the veil is often criticized for collaborating with a racist and patriarchal approach, which puts Muslim women in a difficult position of choosing between fighting racism or sexism. This critique highlights the complexity of intersectional struggles and the importance of understanding and respecting cultural contexts in feminist activism.

Question 19

The September 11^th attacks on the World Trade Center were different than those of Pearl Harbor because A) people from different religious and ideological backgrounds were killed. B) they cannot be considered a global confrontation. C) they signaled America's entry into a long war. D) Al Qaeda is a group comprised of transnational activists that does not represent the ideology of any sovereign state.

Accepted Answer

The September 11th attacks were carried out by Al Qaeda, a transnational terrorist group, which does not represent any sovereign state, unlike the attack on Pearl Harbor which was carried out by Japan, a nation-state.

Question 20

In his comparative study of religious terrorism, Juergensmeyer found that in all of the cases he examined, the concept of cosmic war
A) is considered morally justified, with worldly struggles transformed into sacred battles.
B) represents a strong shift in beliefs in support of antimodernist ideologies.
C) has been justified by the state at some point in history.
D) remains virtually unchanged from beliefs recorded hundreds of years ago.

Accepted Answer

Juergensmeyer's study highlights how religious terrorists view their acts as part of a larger, morally justified cosmic war, transforming their worldly struggles into sacred battles. This concept is central to understanding the mindset behind religious terrorism, as it frames their violent actions within a larger, divine narrative.

Quiz 9: Religion in a Changing World: Identity, Adaptation, and Activism

The term "globalization"is used by editors of this reader to refer to the worldwide movement of

All of the following are negative impacts of globalization EXCEPT:

The main principles of the Rastafarian religion are love, meditation, ital, and

The "upper room"is

During a reasoning session at David and Lion's house on the pier, David draws on passages from

According to the brethren who met to "reason"at David and Lion's, reggae musicians

In light of Lewis's interviews, we might conclude that a central theme in Rastafarian reasoning sessions is

Conversion to a new religion brings up all of the following social/group related issues EXCEPT:

Political issues related to disagreements about issues of conversion include:

Religious conversion for social reasons in modern Denmark

Islam condemns the accumulation of wealth based on

In many countries, Muslim women have gained significant rights concerning

Fleuhr-Lobban compares family planning in Muslim and Western nations and concludes that

Hoodfar asserts that it is a painful and frustrating experience to

According to Hoodfar, western assumptions of the veil as a symbol of ignorance and oppression

In Muslim culture, veiling is a significant social institution and mechanism

When the shah's modernist government outlawed the chador in Iran in 1936

The response and participation of white western feminists/activists in the battle against the veil and its oppression of women

The September 11th attacks on the World Trade Center were different than those of Pearl Harbor because

In his comparative study of religious terrorism, Juergensmeyer found that in all of the cases he examined, the concept of cosmic war

The September 11^th attacks on the World Trade Center were different than those of Pearl Harbor because