B. F. Skinner used pigeons to demonstrate how and why personal rituals are established in the first place.

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B.F. Skinner conducted experiments with pigeons that demonstrated the formation of what he called "superstitious behavior" in animals, which can be related to how personal rituals are established in humans. Skinner observed that pigeons associated the delivery of food with whatever random action they were performing at the time of the food's delivery, leading them to repeat that action to receive more food, even though there was no causal relationship between the action and the food delivery. This phenomenon is akin to the development of personal rituals based on coincidental outcomes.

B F Skinner Used Pigeons to Demonstrate How and Why Personal