Question 1

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
A) occurs without fertilisation.
B) involves only one parent.
C) generates genetic variation within populations.
D) produces offspring genetically identical to the parents.

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants involves the fusion of male and female gametes during fertilization, leading to the production of offspring with genetic variation. This variation arises from the combination of genetic material from two parents, contributing to diversity within plant populations.

Question 2

The life cycles of typical plants differ from the life cycles of typical animals because
A) both haploid and diploid phases of plants have multicellular stages.
B) plant cells do not undergo mitosis.
C) only animal life cycles show alternation between haploid and diploid phases.
D) meiosis follows directly after fertilisation in animals.
E) fertilisation follows directly after meiosis in plants.

Accepted Answer

The life cycles of typical plants include both haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) phases that have multicellular stages, unlike typical animals where the diploid stage is multicellular and the haploid stage is represented only by gametes.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a flowering plant?
A) Sporophyte, meiosis, gametes, gametophyte, spores, fertilisation, zygote.
B) Sporophyte, spores, meiosis, gametophyte, gametes, zygote, mitosis.
C) Gametophyte, meiosis, fertilisation, sporophyte, mitosis, spores.
D) Gametophyte, mitosis, gametes, zygote, sporophyte, meiosis, spores.
E) Gametophyte, meiosis, gametes, fertilisation, zygote, sporophyte, spores.

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

In the life cycle of a flowering plant, meiosis occurs in cells within the
A) sporophyte to produce spores.
B) gametophyte to produce gametes.
C) sporophyte to produce gametes.
D) gametophyte to produce spores.
E) zygote to produce gametes.

Accepted Answer

Meiosis in the life cycle of a flowering plant occurs in the sporophyte generation to produce spores, which then develop into the gametophyte generation.

Question 5

Flowers are composed of four whorls of transformed 'floral leaves' around the tip of the flower stalk. The female reproductive organs are found in the
A) outermost whorl (whorl 1).
B) innermost whorl (whorl 4).
C) next innermost whorl (whorl 3).
D) second outermost whorl (whorl 2).
E) They are not on the whorls, but in the receptacle at the base of the flower.

Accepted Answer

The female reproductive organs, known as the carpels or pistils, are found in the innermost whorl (whorl 4) of a flower.

Question 6

In the anthers of flowering plants
A) microsporocytes divide by meiosis to form microspores.
B) microgametophytes divide by meiosis to form gametes.
C) microsporocytes divide by mitosis to form microgametophytes.
D) microspores divide by mitosis to form gametes.
E) microsporosites divide by mitosis to form gametes.

Accepted Answer

Microsporocytes undergo meiosis to produce haploid microspores, which then develop into pollen grains (microgametophytes).

Question 7

In most species of flowering plants, the generative nucleus divides to form sperm nuclei
A) as the pollen grain matures within the anther.
B) as the pollen grain germinates on the stigma.
C) after meiosis in the microsporocytes.
D) within the tip of the growing pollen tube.
E) in one degenerated synergid cell of the embryo immediately prior to fertilisation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In most species of flowering plants, the...

Question 8

Leading up to successful fertilisation, the growth of the pollen tube is controlled by
A) the nucleus of the vegetative cell.
B) signal molecules from the style.
C) the carbohydrate reserved of the vegetative cell.
D) the nucleus of the generative cell.
E) conditions on the stigma.

Accepted Answer

The growth of the pollen tube is primarily controlled by the nucleus of the vegetative cell, which directs the tube's growth towards the ovule for fertilization.

Question 9

People sensitive to grass pollen may experience the symptoms of asthma in response to allergens on
A) pollen grains blown into the nasal passages.
B) pollen grains inhaled into the bronchi.
C) starch granules from burst pollen grains, inhaled into the bronchi.
D) pollen grains entering the respiratory system.
E) starch granules from burst pollen grains, blown into the nasal passages.

Accepted Answer

Starch granules from burst pollen grains can be small enough to penetrate deep into the bronchi, triggering asthma symptoms in sensitive individuals.

Question 10

In the female reproductive structures of flowering plants, which of the following structures is contained within all the others?
A) Ovary
B) Gametophyte
C) Carpel
D) Stigma
E) Ovule

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the female reproductive structures of flowering...

Question 11

In the reproductive pathway leading to the formation of the seed, which of the following is last to form?
A) Synergid cell
B) Endosperm
C) Embryo sac
D) Micropyle
E) Pollen tube

Accepted Answer

Endosperm formation occurs after fertilization and is thus the last to form in the sequence leading to seed development.

Question 12

In typical flowering plants, the female gametophyte
A) undergoes meiosis to form the megaspore.
B) forms after mitotic divisions of the megaspore.
C) has both diploid and triploid cells.
D) forms after meiotic divisions of the megasporocyte.
E) undergoes meiosis to form the embryo sac.

Accepted Answer

The female gametophyte in flowering plants, also known as the embryo sac, forms after the megaspore undergoes mitotic divisions.

Question 13

In the embryo sac of flowering plants, the egg
A) is at the micropylar end of the embryo sac flanked by two synergid cells.
B) sits in the middle of the embryo sac within the central cells.
C) has no fixed position relative to the other cells within the embryo sac.
D) is separated from the other cells, at the non-micropylar end of the embryo sac.

Accepted Answer

The egg in the embryo sac of flowering plants is located at the micropylar end, where it is flanked by two synergid cells. This positioning is crucial for the process of fertilization.

Question 14

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that
A) has only been observed in flowers in which sexual reproduction is not occurring.
B) occurs when an unfertilised egg divides to form a diploid embryo sac.
C) occurs when cells in the ovule divide mitotically to produce a diploid embryo.
D) is a means to increase genetic variation in plants.
E) provides a mechanism for dormancy in unfavourable conditions.

Accepted Answer

Apomixis involves the formation of a diploid embryo from somatic cells in the ovule, bypassing fertilization.

Question 15

The flowers of Acacia retinodes are grouped in heads of about twenty flowers. When each flower bud opens the pistil protrudes above the unopened anthers, but within about 24 hours the style and stigma have dried out and the anthers have opened. Flower development within a single flower head is not usually synchronised. Acacia retinodes plants are
A) monoecious.
B) dioecious.
C) protandrous.
D) bisexual.
E) protogynous.

Accepted Answer

The description indicates that the pistil (female part) matures before the anthers (male part), which is characteristic of protogynous plants.

Question 16

Flowers of a particular plant species were found to contain both stamens and a pistil. It was also noted that when the pistil was receptive, the anthers were spent. The flowers of this species are
A) bisexual and protogynous.
B) bisexual and protandrous.
C) dioecious and protogynous.
D) dioecious and protandrous.
E) monoecious and protandrous.

Accepted Answer

Bisexual flowers contain both stamens and a pistil. Protandrous flowers have anthers that release pollen before the pistil is receptive, but in this case, the pistil is receptive when the anthers are spent, which does not match the definition of protandry. The description provided actually describes protogyny (where the pistil is receptive before the anthers release pollen), but none of the options correctly combines bisexual with protogyny. Given the options, B is chosen by default, although it inaccurately describes the scenario. The correct botanical term for the described scenario would be "bisexual and protogynous," but this option is not provided.

Question 17

In flowering plants that are self-incompatible, a genetically controlled self-incompatible mechanism
A) determines pollen carrying the same S allele as the pistil it lands on as incompatible.
B) determines pollen carrying a different S allele from the pistil it lands on as incompatible.
C) stops eggs from being fertilised by the same species pollen from a genetically different plant.
D) prevents the formation of hybrid offspring from closely related species of plants.
E) ensures that eggs undergo apomixis after fertilisation.

Accepted Answer

Self-incompatibility in flowering plants is a mechanism to prevent inbreeding and promote genetic diversity. It involves the recognition and rejection of pollen that carries the same S allele as the pistil it lands on, thus preventing fertilization by genetically similar pollen.

Question 18

A pistil cross-pollinated with same species pollen from a plant known to be S₁S₂ at the self-incompatible locus S produces offspring that are S₁S₂ or S₂S₃. The genotype of the female parent is most likely to be A) S₁S_1. B) S₁S_2. C) S₁S_3. D) S₂S_3. E) S₂S_2.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A pistil cross-pollinated with same species pollen...

Question 19

After double fertilisation in flowering plants the
A) shoot meristem gives rise to the epicotyl.
B) the suspensor undergoes repeated cell division which develops into the apical meristem.
C) endosperm gives rise to the cotyledons.
D) integuments of the ovule form a protective fruit around the embryo.
E) testa (seed coat) is derived from the ovary wall.

Accepted Answer

After double fertilization, the shoot meristem, which is part of the embryo, gives rise to the epicotyl, which is the part of the seedling that will develop into the shoot system.

Question 20

Which of the following embryonic structures is found only in the seeds of monocotyledons?
A) Coleoptile
B) Radicle
C) Endosperm
D) Cotyledon
E) Testa

Accepted Answer

The coleoptile is a sheath protecting the emerging shoot in monocotyledons, such as grasses, and is not found in dicotyledons, making it unique to monocots.

Quiz 16: Reproduction, Growth and Development of Flowering Plants

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants

The life cycles of typical plants differ from the life cycles of typical animals because

Which of the following is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a flowering plant?

In the life cycle of a flowering plant, meiosis occurs in cells within the

Flowers are composed of four whorls of transformed 'floral leaves' around the tip of the flower stalk. The female reproductive organs are found in the

In the anthers of flowering plants

In most species of flowering plants, the generative nucleus divides to form sperm nuclei

Leading up to successful fertilisation, the growth of the pollen tube is controlled by

People sensitive to grass pollen may experience the symptoms of asthma in response to allergens on

In the female reproductive structures of flowering plants, which of the following structures is contained within all the others?

In the reproductive pathway leading to the formation of the seed, which of the following is last to form?

In typical flowering plants, the female gametophyte

In the embryo sac of flowering plants, the egg

Apomixis is a form of asexual reproduction that

Flowers of a particular plant species were found to contain both stamens and a pistil. It was also noted that when the pistil was receptive, the anthers were spent. The flowers of this species are

In flowering plants that are self-incompatible, a genetically controlled self-incompatible mechanism

A pistil cross-pollinated with same species pollen from a plant known to be S1S2 at the self-incompatible locus S produces offspring that are S1S2 or S2S3. The genotype of the female parent is most likely to be

After double fertilisation in flowering plants the

Which of the following embryonic structures is found only in the seeds of monocotyledons?

A pistil cross-pollinated with same species pollen from a plant known to be S₁S₂ at the self-incompatible locus S produces offspring that are S₁S₂ or S₂S₃. The genotype of the female parent is most likely to be