Tim was asked to remember pictures of a cow, truck, tree, car, dog, and flower. Tim rearranged the pictures into the following pairs: cow-dog, car-truck, and tree-flower during his study period. The pictures were then taken away, and Tim was asked to recall them. The fact that Tim used a mnemonic strategy but it didn't seem to help suggests that he has a

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Utilization deficiency occurs when an individual employs a mnemonic strategy (or any cognitive strategy) but does not benefit from it in terms of improved memory or performance. Tim's inability to recall the pictures despite organizing them into pairs suggests he was unable to effectively utilize the mnemonic strategy he employed.

Tim Was Asked to Remember Pictures of a Cow, Truck