Flavell and his colleagues asked 5-, 7-, and 10-year-olds to participate in a memory task. Each participant was shown an array of 7 pictures, and a subset of the 7 was pointed to on a given trial. The participants were told to remember the subset of pictures in order. These researchers found that:

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Flavell's research often highlighted developmental changes in memory strategies, including the concept of a production deficiency, where children may know how to use a memory strategy (like rehearsal) but fail to do so unless prompted. This choice aligns with findings from studies on cognitive development, indicating that younger children, despite understanding certain strategies, might not employ them effectively or at all without guidance or prompting.

Flavell and His Colleagues Asked 5-, 7-, and 10-Year-Olds to Participate