Question 1

What is the relationship between genes and genome?

Accepted Answer

The genome refers to the complete set of genes or genetic material present in a cell or organism, encompassing all of its genes.

Question 2

What cell components store the information for the production of proteins?

Accepted Answer

The A, T, C, and G bases in DNA store the genetic information necessary for the production of proteins. These bases pair in specific ways to form the genetic code, which is translated into proteins by the cellular machinery.

Question 3

Nucleotides are to ________ as amino acids are to ________.

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, while amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.

Question 4

Which molecule is synthesized in the nucleus and has information for producing proteins?

Accepted Answer

mRNA (messenger RNA) is synthesized in the nucleus and carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are synthesized.

Question 5

What type of cell molecule forms cartilage and hair, can be hormones or transporters, and acts as an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

Proteins are versatile molecules that play many critical roles in the body, including forming structural components like cartilage and hair, acting as hormones and transporters, and serving as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions.

Question 6

What would happen to an undernourished cell that had insufficient amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A shortage of amino acids would lead to a deficiency in protein synthesis, which is crucial for various cellular functions, including structure, signaling, and enzymatic activities. Without sufficient proteins, the cell cannot perform its normal functions effectively.

Question 7

What are the results of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication results in two DNA molecules, each consisting of one old (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand, following the semi-conservative model.

Question 8

Which statement below best describes a difference between a chromosome and a gene?

Accepted Answer

A gene is indeed a specific segment of a chromosome that encodes for a particular trait or function, while a chromosome is a larger structure that contains many genes along with regulatory elements and other DNA sequences.

Question 9

Normal cell operations and growth occur during the "gap period called:

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is D) G1. The "gap period" referred to is the G1 phase of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and prepares for DNA replication. The other options, M (mitosis) and S (DNA synthesis), along with G2 (second gap phase), are different parts of the cell cycle. The unusual codes in options A and D are likely errors or misprints, but D corresponds to G1 when decoded from the given pattern.

Question 10

Which statement about homologous chromosomes is true?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that contain the same types of genes, although they may have different alleles (versions of the same gene). In a female, the two X chromosomes are homologous because they carry the same types of genes. The other options are incorrect: B) describes sister chromatids rather than homologous chromosomes, C) is false because homologous chromosomes do contain the same types of genes, and D) is incorrect because the X and Y chromosomes in a male are not homologous; they carry different sets of genes.

Question 11

In cell division, when are mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and other cell components divided?

Accepted Answer

During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm and its components, including mitochondria, lysosomes, and ribosomes, are divided between the two daughter cells.

Question 12

Which cell cycle stage is not part of interphase?

Accepted Answer

Interphase consists of the G1, S, and G2 phases of the cell cycle, where the cell prepares for division but does not actually divide. The M phase (mitosis) is the stage of the cell cycle where cell division occurs, thus it is not part of interphase.

Question 13

What is chromatin?

Accepted Answer

Chromatin is a complex of DNA and proteins, primarily histones, that forms the structural basis of chromosomes within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It helps package the long DNA molecules into a more compact, denser shape, and plays a crucial role in gene regulation and DNA replication.

Question 14

In a typical animal cell, the cell cycle phase that is longest is:

Accepted Answer

The G1 phase is typically the longest phase in the cell cycle of a typical animal cell, as it involves cell growth and preparation for DNA replication.

Question 15

A single cell is selected from a randomly dividing population of animal cells. Probability is highest that this cell is in:

Accepted Answer

The answer of A single cell is selected from a...

Question 16

Some anticancer chemotherapy agents interfere with microtubules. How do they work?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are essential for the formation and function of the mitotic spindle during cell division. Anticancer agents that interfere with microtubules typically prevent the spindle from properly forming or functioning, thereby inhibiting cell division. This is a key strategy in cancer treatment, aiming to stop the proliferation of cancer cells.

Question 17

Which agent or treatment would allow a cell to proceed from G₁ to metaphase and then arrest cell division at metaphase?

Accepted Answer

A chemical that disassembles the spindle once it has formed would prevent the cell from progressing past metaphase, as the spindle is crucial for chromosome alignment and separation during mitosis. Without a functional spindle, the cell cannot proceed to anaphase, leading to arrest at metaphase.

Question 18

How many nuclear membranes must form when a single dividing cell reaches telophase?

Accepted Answer

During telophase, two nuclear membranes form around each set of separated chromosomes, creating two distinct nuclei in preparation for cell division.

Question 19

What cell cycle structure would be found in animal cells but not plant cells?

Accepted Answer

The contractile ring is unique to animal cells and is involved in cytokinesis, the process of cell division. It helps in the pinching of the cell membrane to form two separate daughter cells. Plant cells, on the other hand, form a cell plate during cytokinesis, not a contractile ring.

Question 20

Which of the following might act to inhibit cancer growth in humans?

Accepted Answer

Chemicals that inhibit microtubule formation can act to inhibit cancer growth by disrupting the mitotic spindle formation necessary for cell division, thereby preventing cancer cells from proliferating.

Quiz 9: Genetics and Cell Division

What is the relationship between genes and genome?

What cell components store the information for the production of proteins?

Nucleotides are to as amino acids are to .

Which molecule is synthesized in the nucleus and has information for producing proteins?

What type of cell molecule forms cartilage and hair, can be hormones or transporters, and acts as an enzyme?

What would happen to an undernourished cell that had insufficient amino acids?

What are the results of DNA replication?

Which statement below best describes a difference between a chromosome and a gene?

Normal cell operations and growth occur during the "gap period called:

Which statement about homologous chromosomes is true?

In cell division, when are mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and other cell components divided?

Which cell cycle stage is not part of interphase?

What is chromatin?

In a typical animal cell, the cell cycle phase that is longest is:

A single cell is selected from a randomly dividing population of animal cells. Probability is highest that this cell is in:

Some anticancer chemotherapy agents interfere with microtubules. How do they work?

Which agent or treatment would allow a cell to proceed from G₁ to metaphase and then arrest cell division at metaphase?

How many nuclear membranes must form when a single dividing cell reaches telophase?

What cell cycle structure would be found in animal cells but not plant cells?

Which of the following might act to inhibit cancer growth in humans?

Quiz 9: Genetics and Cell Division

What is the relationship between genes and genome?

What cell components store the information for the production of proteins?

Nucleotides are to ________ as amino acids are to ________.

Which molecule is synthesized in the nucleus and has information for producing proteins?

What type of cell molecule forms cartilage and hair, can be hormones or transporters, and acts as an enzyme?

What would happen to an undernourished cell that had insufficient amino acids?

What are the results of DNA replication?

Which statement below best describes a difference between a chromosome and a gene?

Normal cell operations and growth occur during the "gap period called:

Which statement about homologous chromosomes is true?

In cell division, when are mitochondria, lysosomes, ribosomes, and other cell components divided?

Which cell cycle stage is not part of interphase?

What is chromatin?

In a typical animal cell, the cell cycle phase that is longest is:

A single cell is selected from a randomly dividing population of animal cells. Probability is highest that this cell is in:

Some anticancer chemotherapy agents interfere with microtubules. How do they work?

Which agent or treatment would allow a cell to proceed from G1 to metaphase and then arrest cell division at metaphase?

How many nuclear membranes must form when a single dividing cell reaches telophase?

What cell cycle structure would be found in animal cells but not plant cells?

Which of the following might act to inhibit cancer growth in humans?

Nucleotides are to as amino acids are to .

Which agent or treatment would allow a cell to proceed from G₁ to metaphase and then arrest cell division at metaphase?