Question 1

If you want to get a good start on a project,which of these is the best advice?​

Accepted Answer

Making specific plans about what you will do at a particular time helps you to be organized and focused, which is essential for getting a good start on a project. It provides a clear direction and structure to follow, allowing you to be more efficient and productive. Imagining receiving a reward or thinking about successful people may be motivating but they do not provide a clear plan for beginning the project. Waiting until the pressure builds before starting may lead to procrastination and a rushed, lower quality project.

Question 2

What is the "mere measurement effect"?​

Accepted Answer

The mere measurement effect is the phenomenon in which people are more likely to engage in a behavior after they have estimated the likelihood of doing it. This effect is also known as the "prediction-operationalization paradox."

Question 3

Participants could flip a coin and announce the results (favorable to themselves or someone else),or they could let the experimenter flip the coin.What did most of them do?​

Accepted Answer

It is not specified in the question whether the participants were allowed to lie or not, so it cannot be assumed that they lied about the result if they chose to flip the coin themselves. However, since there are only two choices given for who flips the coin (themselves or experimenter), and it is not specified whether they were instructed to alternate, it is reasonable to assume that an equal number of participants chose to flip the coin themselves and have the experimenter flip the coin. However, since the experimenter is a neutral third party, it may be more likely that participants chose to have the experimenter flip the coin to avoid any perceived bias. Therefore, the best answer is D, with the caveat that it is possible an equal number of participants chose to flip the coin themselves.

Question 4

If you see someone else cheat,do you become more likely to cheat also?​

Accepted Answer

Research in social psychology suggests that observing someone who seems similar to us cheat can increase our own likelihood to cheat. This is because we often look to similar others to determine appropriate behavior, especially in ambiguous situations.

Question 5

Suppose you can choose when to set your deadlines for three papers during a semester.What is your best strategy?​

Accepted Answer

Spacing out the deadlines evenly is the best strategy because it allows for a balanced workload throughout the semester, ensuring that no one paper has a disproportional amount of time and effort put into it. This allows for better time management and less stress in the long run. Setting all deadlines early or late in the semester can lead to a lopsided workload or last-minute cramming, respectively. Setting all deadlines in the middle may not be as effective if the middle of the semester is particularly hectic or already has other major deadlines.

Question 6

What procedure would increase your probability of choosing a large,delayed reward instead of a smaller,immediate reward?​

Accepted Answer

Making decisions in advance, especially when it comes to financial or reward-based choices, allows for more rational and less impulsive decision-making. This can increase the likelihood of choosing a larger, delayed reward over an immediate, smaller one because the immediate temptation is less influential when the decision is made far in advance.

Question 7

After you resist a temptation to smoke a cigarette,what happens?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of After you resist a temptation to smoke...

Question 8

If you estimate how likely you are to start work on your term paper tomorrow,what is the probable result?​

Accepted Answer

Estimating the likelihood of starting a task can increase commitment to that task, making you more likely to begin as planned. This is due to the psychological effect of making a plan or prediction, which can enhance motivation and focus.

Question 9

Participants could flip a coin and announce the results (favoring either themselves or someone else)or they could let the experimenter flip the coin.What did most people choose,and what is the interpretation?​

Accepted Answer

By letting the experimenter flip the coin, participants are removing any potential temptation to cheat or manipulate the result in their favor. This choice demonstrates a willingness to trust the unbiased outcome of chance.

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT good advice for overcoming procrastination?​

Accepted Answer

Relying on external validation to overcome procrastination may not be a sustainable solution in the long term. It is better to develop intrinsic motivation and discipline to tackle tasks.

Question 11

​To measure how well a child can resist temptation,which procedure have psychologists often used?

Accepted Answer

The procedure of offering a child one marshmallow but telling them they can have two if they wait measures a child's ability to delay gratification and resist temptation. This is commonly known as the "marshmallow test" and has been used in many studies on self-control and impulse control. Choices A, B, and C are not relevant to measuring a child's ability to resist temptation.

Question 12

For children who resist temptation in the marshmallow experiment,what happens later in life?​

Accepted Answer

Children who resist temptation in the marshmallow experiment are more likely to be conscientious and have better academic performance later in life. Studies have shown that they also have better emotional and social adjustment and are less likely to engage in impulsive behavior such as drug or alcohol abuse. Therefore, option D is the correct choice.

Question 13

If you practice resisting temptation,do you get better at resisting future temptations?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you practice resisting temptation,do you get...

Question 14

Suppose you are having trouble deciding on your major.If you now respond to a survey by saying which political candidates you support,what is the probable result?​

Accepted Answer

The answer of Suppose you are having trouble deciding on...

Question 15

​In a class where students got to choose their own deadlines for three papers,students who chose to spread out their deadlines equally got the best grades,but they were only equal to students in another section where everyone had to spread out their deadlines equally.What was the interpretation?

Accepted Answer

The fact that students who spread out their deadlines equally got the best grades suggests that spreading out deadlines is an advantage. This is further reinforced by the fact that the students who had to spread out their deadlines equally in the other section also did well. The other options (A and B) are not directly supported by the information given, and while choosing your own deadlines (C) may be advantageous in some cases, it is not the main point of the given scenario.

Question 16

​The mere measurement effect refers to which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

The mere measurement effect suggests that simply estimating or predicting your likelihood of engaging in a particular behavior can increase the probability that you will actually perform that behavior.

Question 17

In a class where students got to choose their own deadlines for three papers,students who chose to spread out their deadlines equally got better grades than those who chose to put all their deadlines at the end of the course.To interpret the meaning of these results,what control group do we need?​

Accepted Answer

The best control group would be another section where students all had to spread their deadlines out equally. This would help to eliminate the possibility that the students who spread out their deadlines had better grades for reasons unrelated to their deadline choices, such as being better students overall. This control group would eliminate this potentially confounding variable and allow for a more accurate interpretation of the results.

Question 18

Suppose you see someone else cheat.Under what circumstance do you become LESS likely to cheat?​

Accepted Answer

You become less likely to cheat if you observe someone from a rival group cheating, as it may reinforce your desire to differentiate yourself from that group by adhering to higher ethical standards.

Question 19

What is the best way to resist a temptation?​

Accepted Answer

The best way to resist a temptation is to avoid the tempting situation altogether. This reduces the need for willpower and makes it easier to resist. Once you have developed strong habits and self-control, you can start practicing resisting other types of temptations. However, in the beginning, it's important to avoid temptation as much as possible. Exposing yourself to the temptation shortly after resisting some other temptation is not recommended as it can quickly deplete your willpower, making it harder to resist. Thinking about people who failed to resist the temptation can also be demotivating and may even make it harder to resist.

Question 20

​A professor let students set their own deadlines for three papers.Which students wrote the best papers?

Accepted Answer

Students who spaced out their deadlines equally likely managed their time more effectively, allowing for consistent effort and improvement across assignments. This approach helps in maintaining a steady workflow and avoiding last-minute rushes, which can compromise the quality of work.

Quiz 11: Motivated Behaviorsmotivated Behaviors

If you want to get a good start on a project,which of these is the best advice?

What is the "mere measurement effect"?

Participants could flip a coin and announce the results (favorable to themselves or someone else) ,or they could let the experimenter flip the coin.What did most of them do?

If you see someone else cheat,do you become more likely to cheat also?

Suppose you can choose when to set your deadlines for three papers during a semester.What is your best strategy?

What procedure would increase your probability of choosing a large,delayed reward instead of a smaller,immediate reward?

After you resist a temptation to smoke a cigarette,what happens?

If you estimate how likely you are to start work on your term paper tomorrow,what is the probable result?

Participants could flip a coin and announce the results (favoring either themselves or someone else) or they could let the experimenter flip the coin.What did most people choose,and what is the interpretation?

Which of the following is NOT good advice for overcoming procrastination?

To measure how well a child can resist temptation,which procedure have psychologists often used?

For children who resist temptation in the marshmallow experiment,what happens later in life?

If you practice resisting temptation,do you get better at resisting future temptations?

Suppose you are having trouble deciding on your major.If you now respond to a survey by saying which political candidates you support,what is the probable result?

In a class where students got to choose their own deadlines for three papers,students who chose to spread out their deadlines equally got the best grades,but they were only equal to students in another section where everyone had to spread out their deadlines equally.What was the interpretation?

The mere measurement effect refers to which phenomenon?

In a class where students got to choose their own deadlines for three papers,students who chose to spread out their deadlines equally got better grades than those who chose to put all their deadlines at the end of the course.To interpret the meaning of these results,what control group do we need?

Suppose you see someone else cheat.Under what circumstance do you become LESS likely to cheat?

What is the best way to resist a temptation?

A professor let students set their own deadlines for three papers.Which students wrote the best papers?