Question 1

Some texts use the kilogram-mole rather than the gram-mole. What would be the values of the gas constant R and Avogadro's number N_A using the kg-mole?

Accepted Answer

R = 8.31 × 10³ J / [(kg-mole) K] N_A = 6.02 × 10²⁶ (kg-mole)^-1

Question 2

State the equipartition theorem.

Accepted Answer

On average, the total internal energy of an ideal gas is divided equally among each degree of freedom its molecules possesses. Futhermore, each degree of freedom contributes 1/2 Nk_BT to the total internal energy of the gas.

Question 3

9/5 of a Fahrenheit degree is equivalent to

Accepted Answer

The conversion factor between Fahrenheit and Celsius is 9/5, meaning 9/5 of a Fahrenheit degree is equivalent to 1 degree Celsius (1 C°).

Question 4

Boyle's law and Charles' law each respectively assume what is held constant?

Accepted Answer

Boyle's law assumes temperature is held constant while it describes the inverse relationship between pressure and volume. Charles' law assumes pressure is held constant while it describes the direct relationship between temperature and volume.

Question 5

The universal gas constant has what units?

Accepted Answer

The universal gas constant, often symbolized as R, has units of energy per temperature increment per mole, which is precisely J/(mol·K) (Joules per mole per Kelvin). This reflects the energy per degree per mole that is inherent in the gas law equations.

Question 6

Avogadro's number has what units?

Accepted Answer

Avogadro's number, defined as 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mole, specifies the number of entities (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of substance, thus its units are molecules/mole.

Question 7

Which temperature scale never gives negative temperatures?

Accepted Answer

The Kelvin scale is an absolute temperature scale where 0 K is the absolute zero point, below which temperatures do not exist. Thus, it never gives negative temperatures.

Question 8

Room temperature is approximately

Accepted Answer

Room temperature is approximately 300 K, which is about 27°C or 80°F, making it a comfortable ambient temperature.

Question 9

The Temperature of triple point of water is equivalent to which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The triple point of water, where water exists simultaneously in solid, liquid, and gas phases, is at 273.16 Kelvin.

Question 10

The boiling point of water is at

Accepted Answer

The boiling point of water is 373.16 K, which is equivalent to 100°C or 212°F.

Question 11

If the pressure acting on an ideal gas at constant temperature is tripled, its volume is

Accepted Answer

According to Boyle's Law, for a given mass of an ideal gas at constant temperature, the volume of the gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. Therefore, if the pressure is tripled, the volume is reduced to one-third.

Question 12

Both the pressure and volume of a given sample of an ideal gas double. This means that its temperature in Kelvins must

Accepted Answer

According to the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), if both pressure (P) and volume (V) double, then the temperature (T) must also quadruple to maintain the equality, assuming the amount of gas (n) and the gas constant (R) remain unchanged.

Question 13

Which of the following would correctly convert a Fahrenheit temperature (F) to a Kelvin (K) value?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would correctly convert...

Question 14

When the engine of your car heats up, the spark plug gap will

Accepted Answer

The spark plug gap will increase as the engine heats up due to thermal expansion of the metal components of the spark plug.

Question 15

Aluminum has a positive coefficient of thermal expansion. Consider a round hole that has been drilled in a large sheet of aluminum. As the temperature increases and the surrounding metal expands, the hole diameter will

Accepted Answer

When aluminum or any material with a positive coefficient of thermal expansion heats up, both the material and any holes within it expand. Thus, as the temperature increases, the diameter of the hole in the aluminum sheet will also increase.

Question 16

The surface water temperature on a large, deep lake is 3° C. A sensitive temperature probe is lowered several m into the lake. What temperature will the probe record?

Accepted Answer

In a large, deep lake, the water temperature typically increases with depth below the surface layer, especially if the surface is near freezing. This is due to the density-driven stratification of water, where colder, denser water sinks and slightly warmer water remains below.

Question 17

Due to the unusual thermal expansion properties of water, when a lake freezes during the winter, the water at the bottom of the lake is at ________ temperature than the water above it.

Accepted Answer

Water is most dense at 4°C, so when a lake freezes, the water at the bottom, which is above 0°C, is actually warmer than the ice and water near the surface.

Question 18

Water has its ________ density at 4.° C.

Accepted Answer

Water has its maximum density at 4°C, meaning it is heaviest or most compact at this temperature.

Question 19

Consider a flat steel plate with a hole through its center. When the plate's temperature is decreased, the hole will

Accepted Answer

When the temperature of the steel plate decreases, the material contracts uniformly, including the area around the hole. This contraction causes the hole to become smaller, not larger, regardless of the hole's size relative to the plate's surface area.

Question 20

A bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G on the top and metal H on the bottom, is rigidly attached to a wall at the left, as shown in Figure 10-1. The coefficient of linear thermal expansion for metal G is greater than that of metal H.

If the strip is uniformly heated, it will

Accepted Answer

The answer of A bimetallic strip, consisting of metal G...

Quiz 10: Temperature and Kinetic Theory

Some texts use the kilogram-mole rather than the gram-mole. What would be the values of the gas constant R and Avogadro's number NA using the kg-mole?