Question 1

Human societies are becoming increasingly urban. What are (or will be) some of the effects of increased urbanization? Where are these effects most pronounced? What contributions can applied anthropologists make to urban planning?

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Question 2

Discuss the reasons why many anthropologists have turned from academic to applied work.

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Question 3

Discuss ways in which anthropology is relevant to business.

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Question 4

How might a premedical student apply some of the knowledge learned in anthropology courses as a physician?

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Question 5

Indicate your career plans, if known, and describe how you might apply the knowledge you learned in an introductory anthropology course in your future vocation. If you have not yet chosen a career, pick one of the following: economist, engineer, diplomat, architect, or elementary schoolteacher. Why is it important to understand the culture and social organization of the people who will be affected by your work?

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Question 6

Discuss the major advantages and disadvantages of scientific medicine and other health care systems (be careful to distinguish between scientific medicine and Western medicine per se).

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Question 7

There is considerable debate today over whether governments should or should not require schools to provide bilingual education for students, and if so, how this could best be accomplished. Pretend you are an anthropologist that a school board in a bilingual community has asked to provide some guidance on this issue. What might you tell the school board about the relationships between students' social, cultural, and linguistic backgrounds and their potential for success in school?

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Question 8

What is the relationship between theory and practice in anthropology? Do you agree that applied anthropology should be recognized as a separate subdiscipline? How is it different from the traditional subfields of anthropology?

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Question 9

What are some of the things that applied anthropologists in each of the four subdisciplines do? What types of settings do they work in, with whom do they collaborate, and on what issues do they focus?

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Question 10

Which of the following characterizations of Brazil's system of constructing race is not true?

Accepted Answer

The Brazilian system of constructing race, which focuses on skin color and phenotype and uses a wide range of racial labels, is quite different from Japan's, which is more based on nationality and ancestry.

Question 11

Four of the following are examples of ways that judgments of people's skin color or ethnicity come into play in a society. Which one is the exception?

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The occupation of different ecological niches by different ethnic groups is more related to environmental adaptation and economic opportunities than to judgments based on skin color or ethnicity. Choices A, B, C, and D directly involve societal attitudes and biases towards people based on their ethnicity or skin color.

Question 12

Stereotypes are often open to showing the complexity of people's behavior that may disprove the stereotype.

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Stereotypes typically simplify and generalize characteristics, leading to a lack of recognition for the complexity and variability of individual behaviors that may contradict the stereotype.

Question 13

Explain the notion of "imagined community".

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Question 14

What are the major differences between Brazilian and American systems of racial classification?

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Question 15

What is hypodescent? Does it exist in every human society?

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Question 16

What is a "plural society"? According to Barth, what conditions contribute to the stability and endurance of ethnic boundaries?

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Question 17

What is identity shifting? What are the differences between identities that may be situationally negotiated and those that cannot? Give specific examples of both.

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Question 18

Which of the following would not be an example of the ideas and justification of colonialism reflected in Britain's notion of "the white man's burden"?

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The phrase "the white man's burden" reflects the idea that it was the duty of European colonizers, particularly the British, to civilize and Christianize the peoples they colonized, often justifying paternalism and racism. It does not imply a belief in the colonized peoples' capability to govern themselves; rather, it suggests they needed guidance and governance from Europeans.

Question 19

What is the capitalist world economy? When did it originate and what are its features?

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Question 20

What are the core, semiperiphery, and periphery? What is their relationship to world capitalism?

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Quiz 1: Culture