Question 1

When scientists work with small areas of DNA, this process allows them to isolate specific stretches of DNA for other applications.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When scientists work with small areas of...

Question 2

These enzymes have the ability to cut DNA at places where specific sequences of nucleotides occur.

Accepted Answer

Restriction enzymes recognize specific nucleotide sequences in DNA and cut the DNA at or near these sites, which is crucial in molecular biology for cloning and DNA manipulation.

Question 3

In criminal cases, if 100% of the banding pattern matches a DNA fingerprint, it is

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting is a highly accurate method for identifying individuals. If the DNA found at a crime scene matches a suspect's DNA with 100% accuracy, it is highly probable that the suspect was at the scene, increasing the likelihood that they may be the guilty party.

Question 4

In a paternity case, bands from DNA fingerprinting that are common to both the biological mother and the child are identified and eliminated from further consideration. If the remaining bands can be matched to the presumed father,

Accepted Answer

DNA fingerprinting is a highly reliable method for determining paternity. When the remaining bands, after eliminating those common to the mother and child, match the presumed father, it strongly suggests he is the biological father due to the unique nature of DNA profiles.

Question 5

This was a 13-year effort to determine the normal or human DNA sequence.

Accepted Answer

The Human Genome Project (HGP) was a 13-year effort aimed at determining the sequence of chemical base pairs which make up human DNA, and of identifying and mapping all of the genes of the human genome from both a physical and functional standpoint.

Question 6

DNA sequencing data from the Human Genome Project indicates that there are about ________ protein-coding genes.

Accepted Answer

DNA sequencing data from the Human Genome Project indicates that there are about 20,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome. This was a surprising result, as initial estimates were much higher.

Question 7

From an evolutionary perspective, the advantage to the cell of having these is the ability to quickly create large amounts of gene product from these repeating genes.

Accepted Answer

Tandem clusters are groups of genes that are located next to each other on a chromosome and that have the same sequence. This arrangement allows the cell to quickly create large amounts of gene product from these repeating genes.

Question 8

These types of repeating genes are copied from one chromosome and moved as a set to another chromosome and allow for genetic back-ups of information.

Accepted Answer

Segmental duplications involve the copying of sections of DNA from one chromosome to another, effectively creating genetic backups and increasing genetic diversity. These duplications can play a role in evolution and genetic diseases.

Question 9

Which is not true?

Accepted Answer

Genes are not equally distributed between chromosomes and equally distributed along the length of a chromosome.

Question 10

Many noncoding sequences are involved with

Accepted Answer

Noncoding sequences play a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression by acting as regulatory elements, such as promoters, enhancers, and silencers, which help control when, where, and how much protein is produced from a gene.

Question 11

This study involves the comparison of the genomes of different organisms and can help determine the relatedness and genes of different species.

Accepted Answer

Genomics is the study of the genomes of organisms. It involves sequencing, analysis, and comparison of genomes to understand genetic bases of difference and similarity among organisms. This field helps in determining the relatedness and genes of different species by comparing their entire genetic material.

Question 12

This emerging field looks at when, where, and how much mRNA is expressed from a gene.

Accepted Answer

Transcriptomics is the study of the transcriptome, which includes the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome, focusing on when, where, and how much mRNA is expressed from a gene.

Question 13

This field of biotechnology examines the proteins that are predicted from the DNA sequence from which scientists can identify gene families and how humans may have evolved at a molecular level.

Accepted Answer

Proteomics is the study of the entire set of proteins produced by an organism, which helps in understanding gene functions and evolutionary relationships at a molecular level.

Question 14

This occurs when a cell gains new genetic information from its environment.

Accepted Answer

Genetic transformation is the process by which a cell takes up and incorporates new genetic material from its surroundings.

Question 15

When a DNA sequence is transferred into a host cell from another cell, the resulting new form of DNA is called

Accepted Answer

Recombinant DNA is the term used to describe DNA that has been artificially formed by combining constituents from different organisms, which occurs when a DNA sequence is transferred into a host cell from another cell.

Question 16

This term refers to the outcome, not the way that the results are achieved, when exact copies of biological entities such as genes, organisms, or cells are produced.

Accepted Answer

A clone is an exact genetic copy of a biological entity, such as a gene, organism, or cell, focusing on the outcome rather than the process.

Question 17

This process reproduces many varieties of fruit trees and other plants by making cuttings of the plant and rooting the cuttings.

Accepted Answer

Cloning involves making cuttings of a plant and rooting them to reproduce identical copies of the original plant, commonly used for fruit trees and other plants.

Question 18

This is the more technical term used by scientists to describe the carrier DNA molecule used when cloning genes.

Accepted Answer

A vector is the technical term used to describe the carrier DNA molecule used in gene cloning.

Question 19

This circular piece of DNA is an example of a vector that is used to carry DNA into bacterial cells.

Accepted Answer

A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that is commonly used as a vector to carry foreign DNA into bacterial cells for cloning or expression purposes.

Question 20

Bacterial cells pick up a recombinant DNA by taking it in through their outer cell boundaries using a process called

Accepted Answer

Transformation is the process by which bacterial cells take up recombinant DNA from their surroundings through their cell membrane.

Quiz 11: Applications of Biotechnology