Question 1

According to the wheel of terrorism, which is not a transnational crime that is directly relevant to terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Animal poaching, while a serious environmental and ethical issue, is not directly relevant to terrorism in the same way that illicit arms trafficking, money laundering, and computer crime are. These latter activities are often used to fund, organize, or carry out terrorist activities, whereas animal poaching is primarily driven by other factors and markets.

Question 2

Who initially coined the term "criminology" in 1885?

Accepted Answer

Raffaele Garofalo is credited with coining the term "criminology" in 1885, as part of his work in the field of criminal law and the study of criminal behavior.

Question 3

Edwin H. Sutherland mandated that criminologists, like all other scientists, collect information for study and analysis in accordance with

Accepted Answer

Edwin H. Sutherland emphasized that criminologists should adhere to the research methods of modern science for collecting and analyzing information, promoting a scientific approach to the study of crime.

Question 4

Which of the following disciplines is related to criminology?

Accepted Answer

Criminology is an interdisciplinary field that draws on knowledge from sociology (to understand social structures and behaviors), economics (to understand the economic factors that influence crime), and political science (to understand the impact of governance and policies on crime rates).

Question 5

Criminology is the scientific study of

Accepted Answer

Criminology encompasses the study of the making of laws (legislation), the breaking of laws (criminal actions), and society's reaction to the breaking of laws (such as law enforcement and penal systems), making all of these aspects integral to its field of study.

Question 6

Natural-law philosophers believed that

Accepted Answer

Natural-law philosophers believed that some forms of behavior are innately criminal, such as murder and theft.

Question 7

All early societies imposed punishment for acts that were detrimental to their existence, such as

Accepted Answer

The answer of All early societies imposed punishment for acts...

Question 8

Research has revealed that society's reaction to lawbreaking has often been

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that society's reaction to lawbreaking can often be irrational, influenced by emotions, stereotypes, or media portrayal rather than objective analysis or fairness.

Question 9

According to Emile Durkheim, an act can be considered criminal if it violates or offends the

Accepted Answer

Durkheim posited that crime is an act that offends the collective conscience of a society, which is the common set of norms, values, and beliefs that its members share. This concept is central to his theory on the functions of crime and the social cohesion it can inadvertently promote.

Question 10

The consensus model of law assumes that

Accepted Answer

The consensus model of law posits that society generally agrees on what behaviors are right and wrong, which are then codified into law. This model contrasts with conflict models that view laws as a way to control or oppress certain groups.

Question 11

The conflict model of law assumes that

Accepted Answer

The conflict model of law posits that laws are designed to serve the interests of specific groups in power, reflecting the values of the ruling class rather than a consensus among society's members. This contrasts with models that view laws as emerging from societal consensus or for the general good.

Question 12

Conflict theorists claim that the basic feature of human existence is

Accepted Answer

Conflict theorists, such as Karl Marx, argue that society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources. They believe that social order is maintained by domination and power, rather than consensus and conformity.

Question 13

Scientists who study the criminal justice system are referred to as

Accepted Answer

The answer of Scientists who study the criminal justice system...

Question 14

Criminology generally focuses on the study of

Accepted Answer

Criminology primarily concentrates on the study of criminal behavior, its causes, and its prevention, which is encapsulated in option D, "criminality."

Question 15

Criminal justice generally focuses on all of the following areas except

Accepted Answer

Crime is not a focus of criminal justice, but rather the subject matter that criminal justice deals with.

Question 16

A common characteristic of the criminal justice systems in the United States is that

Accepted Answer

The criminal justice systems in the United States are fundamentally based on constitutional principles, which include rights and protections for individuals and the framework for legal processes.

Question 17

In the early twentieth century, criminal behavior was attributed to

Accepted Answer

Feeblemindedness was a common explanation for criminal behavior in the early twentieth century.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a characteristic of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Terrorism is not necessarily local in nature; it can be both domestic and international, affecting global security and involving cross-border implications.

Question 19

Which of the following transnational crimes is not related to the financial support of terrorism?

Accepted Answer

Destruction of cultural property, while a serious crime, is not typically associated with the financial support of terrorism in the same direct manner as illicit drug trafficking, money laundering, and infiltration of legal businesses. These latter activities are often used to generate or launder funds to support terrorist activities.

Question 20

Who generated the most widely accepted definition of criminology?

Accepted Answer

Edwin Sutherland is credited with providing the most widely accepted definition of criminology, which emphasizes the study of crime as a social phenomenon, including the processes of making laws, breaking laws, and reacting towards the breaking of laws.

Quiz 1: The Changing Boundaries of Criminology