Question 1

What do social process theories claim helps cause criminality?

Accepted Answer

Social process theories focus on how individuals learn to become criminals through processes such as socialization, which involves the influence of family, friends, and significant others.

Question 2

What is one concept that social process theories share?

Accepted Answer

Social process theories, such as social learning theory, differential association theory, and labeling theory, emphasize that criminal behavior is learned through interactions with others and that everyone, regardless of their background, has the potential to become involved in crime. These theories focus on the processes through which individuals come to engage in criminal behavior, rather than attributing criminality to factors like economic status, genetic predisposition, or the disorganization of the environment.

Question 3

Which term refers to the process of human development and enculturation?

Accepted Answer

Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, norms, and social skills necessary to function effectively in society. This process involves both human development and enculturation, as individuals become integrated into their cultural and social groups.

Question 4

What do social process theorists focus their attention on?

Accepted Answer

Social process theorists focus on how individuals are influenced by their social environment, including the process of socialization and developmental factors, in understanding criminal behavior.

Question 5

Which term refers to a social control mechanism?

Accepted Answer

Police officers are a formal social control mechanism, enforcing laws and maintaining order in society.

Question 6

Which component of youth development do social process theories focus on?

Accepted Answer

Social process theories in criminology emphasize the role of socialization in youth development, focusing on how interactions with family, peers, and institutions influence behaviors and attitudes towards conformity or deviance.

Question 7

What is the relationship between single-parent households and delinquent behaviour in young people?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that children from single-parent households are more likely to exhibit delinquent behavior compared to those from two-parent households. This is attributed to factors such as lower supervision and financial constraints.

Question 8

What is the relationship between delinquent behaviour in one- and two-parent families as it relates to the young person's gender?

Accepted Answer

The difference in delinquent behavior between girls was greater than the boys'.

Question 9

Parental discipline of a child is often cited as important in the development of a young person. Which type of discipline is likely to place the young person at a higher risk of misbehaviour and involvement in criminal activity?

Accepted Answer

Inconsistent discipline can lead to confusion and insecurity in a child, which may increase the likelihood of misbehaviour and involvement in criminal activity as they may not understand the consequences of their actions.

Question 10

According to the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, which group of children is most likely to engage in aggressive behaviours?

Accepted Answer

Children who are bullied at school are more likely to engage in aggressive behaviours, as bullying can lead to various negative psychological effects, including increased aggression.

Question 11

According to the Canadian Centre for Justice Statistics, which factor best explains aggressive behaviour in a young person?

Accepted Answer

Being bullied at school is a significant factor that can explain aggressive behaviour in a young person. Experiencing bullying can lead to various negative outcomes, including increased aggression, as a response to the stress and trauma of being bullied.

Question 12

According to previous research, what is an important factor in the classroom for supporting high-risk children?

Accepted Answer

Emotional support in the classroom is crucial for supporting high-risk children. It helps create a safe and nurturing environment where these children can learn and grow, despite the challenges they may face outside of school. Emotional support can significantly impact their academic success, social skills, and overall well-being.

Question 13

Which of the following is shown to be the biggest factor among children involved in the lower levels of delinquent acts involving property?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is shown to...

Question 14

Which terms refers to an enduring label given to someone that taint's his or her identity and changes how he or she is perceived by others?

Accepted Answer

Stigmatized refers to the process of attributing negative labels that significantly change a person's social identity and how they are perceived by others.

Question 15

Which scenario exemplifies a method of formal stigmatization in some school systems?

Accepted Answer

The "track" system in schools is a form of formal stigmatization because it categorizes students based on perceived academic ability or achievement, often leading to a division between those considered college-bound and those labeled as underachievers. This can have lasting effects on students' self-esteem and educational opportunities.

Question 16

According to the textbook, why might diversion from formal punishments be a good thing for young offenders?

Accepted Answer

Stigmatization from formal punishments can significantly impact young offenders' future opportunities, including their chances of finding employment. This can hinder their ability to reintegrate into society and lead productive lives.

Question 17

According to Davies and Tanner, what formal punishment has a negative effect on females?

Accepted Answer

Davies and Tanner found that suspension from school as a formal punishment has a particularly negative effect on females, impacting their educational and social development.

Question 18

Where were 27 percent of youth assaults found to take place?

Accepted Answer

27 percent of youth assaults were found to take place at school, highlighting the importance of addressing violence in educational settings to ensure the safety and well-being of students.

Question 19

What percentage of crimes occurring at schools involved firearms?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What percentage of crimes occurring at schools...

Question 20

Which group of children did the World Health Organization identify as suffering bullying at a rate of one in every seven children in this group?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization identified overweight children as suffering bullying at a rate of one in every seven children in this group.

Quiz 8: Social Process Theories