Question 1

Schwann cells release neurotransmitters when stimulated by impulses.

Accepted Answer

Organelles are located in the terminal zones of nerve axons and release neurotransmitters when stimulated by impulses. Schwann cells produce myelin, a specialized connective tissue that surrounds and protects peripheral nerves.

Question 2

Nodes of Ranvier are small, raised areas on the neurolemma that permit ions to pass into the axoplasm.

Accepted Answer

Nodes of Ranvier are minute gaps on myelinated nerves between adjacent Schwann cells.

Question 3

Local anesthetic drugs are effective only at the nodes of Ranvier and in order to be effective, multiple nodes must be exposed to the drug to block impulses.

Accepted Answer

Local anesthetic drugs block nerve impulses by inhibiting sodium channels, which are concentrated at the nodes of Ranvier in myelinated nerves. For effective nerve blockage, the drug must affect multiple nodes to ensure the impulse is sufficiently inhibited along the nerve.

Question 4

Due to the effectiveness of local anesthetic drugs, exposure of a 1 to 3 millimeter section of nerve membrane to an anesthetic solution is adequate to ensure profound anesthesia.

Accepted Answer

Eight to ten millimeters of the nerve membrane must be flooded by an anesthetic solution in order to achieve anesthesia in larger, heavily myelinated nerves, such as the inferior alveolar nerve.

Question 5

All cell bodies of sensory nerves that innervate oral tissues are located in the trigeminal ganglia and participate in impulse transmission.

Accepted Answer

All cell bodies of sensory neurons that innervate oral tissues are located in the trigeminal ganglia and provide metabolic support to the cell. The cell bodies are located away from the axon, and therefore do not participate in impulse transmission.

Question 6

The minimal threshold stimulus required to stimulate a C fiber will be sufficient to stimulate an A fiber.

Accepted Answer

C fiber impulses travel in a range of 0.5-2.3 m/sec and A fibers at 15-100 m/s.

Question 7

Nonmyelinated C fibers are the most common nerve fiber types on peripheral nerves and conduct slowly producing a sensation of dull and aching pain.

Accepted Answer

Nonmyelinated C fibers are indeed the most common type of nerve fibers in peripheral nerves, and they conduct impulses slowly, which is associated with the sensation of dull, aching, or throbbing pain.

Question 8

A fibers are the most numerous of the fiber types. They are nonmyelinated and transmit sharp pain sensations.

Accepted Answer

C fibers are the most numerous of the fiber types. They are nonmyelinated, conduct more slowly, providing the sensation of dull and aching pain.

Question 9

The mantle bundles are located on the outer area of the nerve membrane and the core bundles are located in the central area. Both have significance in the order of anesthesia development.

Accepted Answer

The mantle bundles are located on the outer area of the nerve and are anesthetized first, while the core bundles are located centrally and are anesthetized later, affecting the order of anesthesia development.

Question 10

Local anesthetic molecules have a greater affinity for protein receptor sites within the nerve membrane compared to calcium ions; therefore, they displace the calcium ion and block impulse transmission.

Accepted Answer

Local anesthetics work by binding to specific sites on sodium channels within the nerve membrane, preventing sodium ions from entering the cell, which blocks nerve impulse transmission. They have a greater affinity for these sites than calcium ions, which helps them displace calcium and exert their effect.

Question 11

The four structural parts of the neuron are the ________, ________, ________, and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The four structural parts of the neuron...

Question 12

Sensory neurons carry impulses to the ________ for processing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sensory neurons carry impulses to the ________...

Question 13

Motor nerves carry impulses away from the CNS to ________ and ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Motor nerves carry impulses away from the...

Question 14

Lipophilic membranes are described as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lipophilic membranes are described as ________....

Question 15

Nerves are classified as myelinated or nonmyelinated according to the extent of the ________ tissue that encloses them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nerves are classified as myelinated or nonmyelinated...

Question 16

Nerve membranes are called ________ and are bilayered phospholipid membranes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nerve membranes are called ________ and are...

Question 17

The process of sequential impulse generation to the CNS is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The process of sequential impulse generation to...

Question 18

The ________ ion is the gatekeeper in the nerve membrane's resting state.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ ion is the gatekeeper in...

Question 19

The inability of a nerve membrane to be restimulated following impulse generation and conduction is known as a ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inability of a nerve membrane to...

Question 20

Specialized connective tissue cells that surround and protect peripheral nerves are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Specialized connective tissue cells that surround and...

Quiz 3: The Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology of Pain Control