Question 1

The Swann case was a leading case in defining the scope of duty to eliminate de facto segregation.

Accepted Answer

The Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education case in 1971 was pivotal in addressing de facto segregation, particularly in the context of busing students to promote integration in public schools.

Question 2

Gerrymandering school districts' attendance zones may be useful and acceptable if it alleviates segregated schools.

Accepted Answer

Gerrymandering school districts' attendance zones can be used to create more diverse and integrated schools, which can be seen as beneficial and acceptable if it helps reduce segregation.

Question 3

The courts do not view busing as an effective means of achieving desegregated schools.

Accepted Answer

The courts have historically viewed busing as an effective means to achieve desegregation, particularly following the 1971 Supreme Court decision in Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education, which upheld busing as a tool to desegregate schools.

Question 4

Freedom of choice plans were used by many districts to avoid desegregation.

Accepted Answer

Freedom of choice plans allowed students to choose which school to attend, but in practice, they often maintained segregation by placing the burden of integration on individual students and families, rather than mandating systemic change.

Question 5

School districts are generally required to take cautious action where racial imbalances develop as a result of housing patterns.

Accepted Answer

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Question 6

A student assignment plan is acceptable by the courts if it appears to be neutral in school desegregation cases.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student assignment plan is acceptable by...

Question 7

De facto segregation is illegal and unconstitutional.

Accepted Answer

De facto segregation is a form of segregation that occurs without any explicit laws or policies requiring it. It is often the result of historical patterns of discrimination and inequality. De facto segregation is illegal and unconstitutional because it violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which prohibits states from denying any person "within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Question 8

De facto segregation occurs through action taken by a school district to encourage segregation.

Accepted Answer

De facto segregation occurs naturally, often due to residential patterns, rather than through deliberate actions by a school district.

Question 9

The courts can mandate a remedy for de jure segregation but not for de facto segregation.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Unitary status may be achieved when school districts have made a good faith effort to achieve desegregation. 
Short

Accepted Answer

Unitary status can be granted when a school district demonstrates that it has made a good faith effort to eliminate segregation and comply with desegregation orders, indicating that it has removed the vestiges of past discrimination to the extent practicable.

Question 11

Discuss the Freedom of Choice concept and the courts' reaction to such plans.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

Discuss the impact of Green v. Board of Education on freedom of choice issues.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Discuss possible remedies to challenges faced by Latino students who face language barriers that result in achievement deficits.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Provide an overview of the desegregation movement in the United States. In your response, discuss the following: 
a. De Facto Segregation 
b. De Jure Segregation 
c. Implications of the Brown Case 
d. Unitary Status 
e. Busing and quotas

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What is your view regarding the future status of desegregation in this country?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Discuss the Freeman v. Pitts case and its significance in addressing Unitary Status. (page 345)

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 12: School Desegregation