Which of the Following Would Create a Surplus of Workers

Which of the following would create a surplus of workers in a labor market?

A) Raising the minimum wage above the equilibrium wage rate.
B) An increase in the price of an input that can be used in place of this type of labor.
C) Rigidities that keep the wage rate from rising in response to decreases in the supply of labor.
D) Stricter licensing and certification requirements for persons selling their services in this market.