The federal personal income tax, a 1 percent city earnings tax, and a 6 percent sales tax on food are, respectively:

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The federal personal income tax is progressive because the tax rate increases as income increases. A city earnings tax of 1 percent is proportional because the tax rate is the same for all income levels. A 6 percent sales tax on food is regressive because it takes a larger percentage of income from low-income earners than from high-income earners.

The Federal Personal Income Tax, a 1 Percent City Earnings