The Instrumental View of Stakeholder Management

The instrumental view of stakeholder management

A) posits that firms owe allegiance only to their shareholders
B) posits that firms owe allegiance only to parties with which they have direct financial relationships, such as customers and vendors
C) posits that firms that undertake corporate social responsibility initiatives are likely to do better financially
D) has become irrelevant in recent years due to the surge of companies self-reporting corporate social responsibility activities