Which of the Following Is Not an Example of the Testing

Which of the following is not an example of the testing effect?

A) Students take a test and score 84; two weeks later they take a different test and score 90.
B) A person is asked about her attitudes toward Ford automobiles; she then watches Ford commercials more closely than before.
C) After Dan is asked to be on a consumer panel that reports purchasing behavior, he changes his purchasing behavior.
D) While answering a questionnaire, Dawn tries to answer the last questions consistent with how she answered the first questions.
E) a through d are all examples of the testing effect.