Which of the Following About Testing Effects Is FALSE

Which of the following about testing effects is FALSE?

A) The main testing effect is the effect of a prior observation on a later observation.
B) The interactive testing effect is exhibited when subjects who are asked about their attitudes on national security become much less sensitive to defense spending promotional campaigns.
C) The main testing effect is exhibited when subjects who are asked about their smoking habits on two separate occasions respond so as to be consistent.
D) The main testing effect usually exerts its greatest impact on the internal validity of an experiment, while the interactive testing effect most typically affects the external validity of a conclusion.
E) As long as there is a before measurement, there can be no testing effect.