Question 1

Probable cause is evaluated by examining the __________ of the police at the time of the arrest or search, not merely the personal knowledge of the arresting or searching officer.

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The answer of Probable cause is evaluated by examining the...

Question 2

In terms of applying the privacy right that exists under the Fourth Amendment, the amendment is said to protect __________, not __________.

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The answer of In terms of applying the privacy right...

Question 3

The concept of probable cause is ultimately based on the notion of objective expectation of privacy. This is in in contrast to subjective expectation of privacy. Expound the difference.

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The answer of The concept of probable cause is ultimately...

Question 4

The Gates v. Illinois (1983) decision abandoned rigid adherence to the Aguilar-Spinelli criteria in favor of a __________ approach to determining probable cause.

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The answer of The Gates v. Illinois (1983) decision abandoned...

Question 5

Information on which probable cause is to be based may come to a law enforcement officer's attention in two possible ways: through the __________ own perceptions or through the perceptions of a(n) __________who relays the information.

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The answer of Information on which probable cause is to...

Question 6

Define the term "reasonableness" as it relates to the Fourth Amendment inquiry. Explain the standards used to assess reasonableness.

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The answer of Define the term "reasonableness" as it relates...

Question 7

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of an anonymous informant versus a known informant. Explore the differences in risk for liability for providing false information.

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The answer of Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing...

Question 8

Katz v. U.S. (1967) held that a person's Fourth Amendment rights are implicated wherever the person has an expectation of __________which society is prepared to recognize as reasonable.

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The answer of Katz v. U.S. (1967) held that a...

Question 9

A criminal informant's ________is never presumed but must be established, usually by demonstrating the informant's track record of having given accurate information in the past.

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The answer of A criminal informant's ________is never presumed but...

Question 10

Write the definition of "search". Write the definition of "seizure". Demonstrate how there might be a search without a seizure and vice versa.

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The answer of Write the definition of "search". Write the...

Question 11

Explain the importance of corroborating information from informants. Also, consider the distinctions between known informants, unknown informants, criminal informants, and citizen informants. Are the distinctions in how the law handles these different types of informants justified? Why or why not?

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The answer of Explain the importance of corroborating information from...

Question 12

Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing probable cause on the basis of a citizen informant versus a criminal informant.

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The answer of Compare and contrast the requirements for establishing...

Question 13

Third party information is often referred to as ________.

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The answer of Third party information is often referred to...

Question 14

Define the concept of probable cause. Compare and contrast probable cause relating to search and probable cause as it relates to arrest.

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The answer of Define the concept of probable cause. Compare...

Question 15

Write a brief paragraph explaining the importance of note-taking by an officer as the case progresses.

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The answer of Write a brief paragraph explaining the importance...

Question 16

The elements of the __________ two-pronged test are important considerations in determining the existence of probable cause based on informant testimony.

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The answer of The elements of the __________ two-pronged test...

Question 17

Probable cause to search means that there is a __________ probability that contraband or evidence of a crime will be found in a particular place.

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The answer of Probable cause to search means that there...

Question 18

A seizure of property occurs when there is some __________ with an individual's possessory interests in that property.

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The answer of A seizure of property occurs when there...

Question 19

Name two indicators of criminal activity that alone support probable cause. Compare and contrast these two indicators of criminal activity with some other indicators that, taken alone, do not support probable cause.

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The answer of Name two indicators of criminal activity that...

Question 20

Do you see any changes in how "privacy" was viewed before and after Katz v. U.S. (1967)? Justify your answer.

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The answer of Do you see any changes in how...

Quiz 3: Basic Underlying Concepts: Property, Privacy, Probable Cause, and Reasonableness