Key to the Reasoning in Vernonia, Which Examined Drug Testing

Key to the reasoning in Vernonia, which examined drug testing for student athletes in high school, was that _____.

A) participation in extracurricular activities like school sports is an essential component of education
B) the already diminished expectation of privacy in the school setting was even lower for student athletes
C) professional athletes are also required to take random drug tests, establishing a precedent
D) the courts have already held that suspicionless drug testing passes muster for public school students in general