What Is the One-Sample Hypothesis Test Designed to Do

What is the one-sample hypothesis test designed to do?

A) test whether the group represented by a sample differs from the population with respect to a given trait or characteristic
B) test whether an association in the population can be found if only one sample is taken from the population
C) test whether the initial sample taken from a population corresponds to a series of additional samples taken from the population
D) test whether the cells in a bivariate table are patterned differently from what random chance would suggest