Question 1

Karyn's counselor is assessing the effects of some of her behaviors by asking the following questions: Does the behavior cause Karyn undue stress? Is her behavior inappropriate in social situations? And is her behavior consistent with her cultural beliefs? Her counselor is trying to determine if her behavior is __________.

Accepted Answer

The counselor is assessing if Karyn's behavior is abnormal by considering factors like undue stress, social appropriateness, and alignment with cultural beliefs. These criteria help determine if behaviors deviate significantly from what is considered normal or acceptable within a given context or culture.

Question 2

Psychologists consider situational and cultural factors when determining abnormality in a __________ context.

Accepted Answer

Sociocultural context is crucial for psychologists when determining abnormality because it involves understanding how societal norms, cultural values, and environmental factors influence what is considered abnormal behavior. This approach acknowledges that behaviors viewed as abnormal in one culture may be seen as normal in another, emphasizing the importance of considering the broader sociocultural environment.

Question 3

Due to his behavior, Ferdinand is having difficulty maintaining a job and having meaningful relationships with others. This is an example of how __________ behavior is considered abnormal.

Accepted Answer

Dysfunctional behavior is considered abnormal when it interferes with an individual's ability to perform necessary daily activities or maintain healthy relationships, as illustrated by Ferdinand's difficulties.

Question 4

When a person exhibits a pattern of making poor decisions and jeopardizing their well-being, it is considered a __________ deviation from normal behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When a person exhibits a pattern of...

Question 5

Lance is on trial for capital murder and is hoping to use a plea of not guilty by reason of insanity. He tells his lawyer that he meets most of the criteria in the DSM-5 for antisocial personality disorder. Lance's lawyer would most likely tell him, __________.

Accepted Answer

Meeting the criteria for a mental illness like antisocial personality disorder does not automatically qualify someone as criminally insane under the law. The legal definition of insanity often requires proving that the defendant was unable to understand the nature of their actions or distinguish right from wrong due to their mental state, which is a different standard than simply having a mental disorder.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the different editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual?

Accepted Answer

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is indeed a dynamic document that undergoes revisions and updates to reflect current understanding, research findings, and sociocultural contexts. This ensures that the diagnostic criteria and classifications of mental disorders are as accurate and relevant as possible.

Question 7

Although there are some slight differences in symptoms or experiences, __________ is a psychological disorder considered common to all cultures.

Accepted Answer

Schizophrenia is recognized as a psychological disorder across different cultures worldwide, despite some variations in how its symptoms may manifest or be experienced. Unlike cultural syndromes or specific disorders like koro that are heavily influenced by cultural contexts, schizophrenia's prevalence and recognition as a mental health condition are universal.

Question 8

Depression is to koro as __________ is to __________.

Accepted Answer

Depression is considered a universal condition that can affect individuals across different cultures, whereas koro is a culture-bound syndrome primarily observed in certain cultures, making "universal; cultural" the correct analogy.

Question 9

Shale lives in Ethiopia and suffers from a cultural syndrome called Zar. What are the symptoms of his disorder?

Accepted Answer

Zar is a cultural syndrome often found in North Africa and the Middle East, characterized by individuals believing they are possessed by spirits, leading to symptoms such as an inability to speak or uncontrollable body movements.

Question 10

Some people have criticized the DSM for __________.

Accepted Answer

Inconsistencies in diagnostic criteria have been a major criticism of the DSM.

Question 11

Leroy has decided to transition surgically from a man to a woman. Although Leroy does not believe he is mentally ill, he believes the psychological disorder label is worth __________.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is B because insurance companies often require a diagnosis of gender dysphoria or a similar psychological disorder label before they will cover the costs of gender-affirming surgeries. This is because these surgeries are considered medically necessary for individuals with such diagnoses.

Question 12

Although overall rates for mental disorders are similar for men and women, __________ is more common in women, and __________ is more common in men.

Accepted Answer

Depression is more commonly diagnosed in women, while alcohol dependence is more commonly diagnosed in men. This reflects observed patterns in the prevalence of these disorders across genders.

Question 13

The oldest psychological approach to explaining abnormality is the psychoanalytic model, based on the work of __________.

Accepted Answer

The psychoanalytic model, which is the oldest psychological approach to explaining abnormality, is based on the work of Sigmund Freud. Freud's theories focused on the unconscious mind and the importance of childhood experiences in shaping personality and behavior.

Question 14

MaryAnn experienced child abuse. She lacks the coping skills to deal with her depression and has a family history of depression. Her therapist believes that all of these factors should be recognized to help understand the causes of MaryAnn's depression. This approach is consistent with the __________ model.

Accepted Answer

The stress-vulnerability model suggests that a person's vulnerability (due to genetic or psychological factors, such as a family history of depression) combined with stressful life events (such as experiencing child abuse) can lead to the development of psychological disorders like depression. This model recognizes the interaction between an individual's underlying vulnerabilities and external stressors, which aligns with the therapist's approach to understanding the causes of MaryAnn's depression.

Question 15

Two of the more common neurodevelopmental disorders are __________.

Accepted Answer

Autism spectrum disorder and Tourette's disorder are both neurodevelopmental disorders, which means they are characterized by brain development issues leading to impaired cognition, communication, and social interaction. Depression is a mood disorder, and histrionic personality disorder is a personality disorder, neither of which are classified as neurodevelopmental disorders.

Question 16

Tommy is a seven-year-old boy who has difficulty with language skills. He is only interested in playing with his Tickle-Me Elmo toy, and his symptoms first showed up when he was eight months old. Tommy most likely has __________?

Accepted Answer

Tommy's symptoms, including language skill difficulties and a narrow range of interests, align with characteristics of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD symptoms often appear in the first two years of life, which is consistent with Tommy's symptoms showing up at eight months old.

Question 17

According to some estimates, approximately one in every __________ people worldwide have autism spectrum disorder.

Accepted Answer

According to various studies and reports, including those from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the estimated prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is approximately 1 in 132 people worldwide, though this number can vary by region and methodology used in studies.

Question 18

Timothy will twirl while he is walking, which is combined with shrugging and bending. These __________ are indicative of __________.

Accepted Answer

The behaviors described (twirling while walking, combined with shrugging and bending) are indicative of complex motor tics because they involve multiple coordinated movements. These are characteristic of Tourette's disorder, which is known for both simple and complex motor tics.

Question 19

Julia has been diagnosed with schizophrenia after exhibiting __________ such as hallucinations and delusions and __________ such as alogia and social withdrawal.

Accepted Answer

Positive symptoms include hallucinations and delusions, while negative symptoms include alogia and social withdrawal.

Question 20

What is the best way to describe the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia are characterized by absences or deficits in behaviors, emotions, or thought processes that are normally present in healthy individuals. These can include things like diminished emotional expression, lack of motivation, or reduced speech.

Quiz 14: Psychological Disorders