Question 1

Industrialization created a new, ____ group of clerks, who tried to differentiate themselves from factory workers.

Accepted Answer

White-collar workers are typically clerical workers who perform office or administrative tasks. They are usually educated and perform non-manual work, in contrast to blue-collar workers who perform manual labor. The distinction between white-collar and blue-collar workers emerged during the industrialization period when factory work became more common. The term "white-collar" comes from the dress shirts worn by office workers, which were usually white.

Question 2

Among the innovations in the utilization of energy around 1900 was the

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed were important for energy utilization around 1900, the internal combustion engine was a particularly innovative and transformative technology. It allowed for the widespread adoption of automobiles, which revolutionized transportation and had a major impact on society and the economy. The steam engine had been in use for centuries, and coal and oil had been used as fuels for some time as well. Watermills were also an older technology, though they remained important in certain settings.

Question 3

What was the end result of the Easter Rebellion and the Irish revolt of 1919-1920?

Accepted Answer

The Easter Rebellion of 1916 and the subsequent Irish War of Independence (1919-1921) led to the partition of Ireland. As a result, the predominantly Catholic southern part of Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom, becoming the Irish Free State (later the Republic of Ireland). The predominantly Protestant Northern Ireland remained part of the United Kingdom.

Question 4

Which of the following Russian tsars liberated the serfs in 1861?

Accepted Answer

Alexander II liberated the serfs in 1861 through his Emancipation Edict.

Question 5

Emmeline Pankhurst advocated the pursuit of women's suffrage by

Accepted Answer

Emmeline Pankhurst advocated for women's suffrage by participating in demonstrations and disruptions in the House of Commons. She was a prominent member of the Women's Social and Political Union, which was known for its militant tactics in advocating for women's right to vote. Pankhurst believed that direct action was necessary to bring attention to the issue and put pressure on the government to grant women the right to vote.

Question 6

Who were the "Captains of Industry?"

Accepted Answer

The "Captains of Industry" were owners or managers of large firms with extraordinary economic and political power. They were also known as the industrial giants of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, who played a significant role in building the US economy through their influential businesses. Examples include Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller, and J.P. Morgan.

Question 7

The most extreme ideological expression of nationalism and imperialism could be found in

Accepted Answer

Social Darwinism, which applied Darwin's theories of natural selection to society, promoted the idea of the supremacy of the "strongest" nations and races. This often led to justifying the expansion of imperialist powers and the oppression of weaker nations and cultures.

Question 8

Referring to the illustration in the text, After the Fall, LaRoquette Prisoners Before the Firing Squad, the members of the Paris Commune were imprisoned and executed because they

Accepted Answer

The members of the Paris Commune were seen as a threat to the French government and were viewed as traitors. They had seized power in Paris and had established a new government separate from the French government. As a result, they were imprisoned and executed after the fall of the Commune.

Question 9

Historians call the second half of the nineteenth century the Second Industrial Revolution because of the

Accepted Answer

The Second Industrial Revolution is characterized by the increase in the speed and scale of economic and social transformation. This period saw the rise of new technologies such as electricity, the telephone, and the internal combustion engine, which revolutionized the way people lived and worked. It also led to significant changes in the economy, such as the growth of big business and the rise of the middle class. The other options listed are not directly related to the Second Industrial Revolution.

Question 10

Which of the following describes Bismarck's influence on liberal and democratic elements in Germany?

Accepted Answer

Bismarck's policies, including his anti-socialist laws and the Kulturkampf, were aimed at maintaining the power of the state and limiting the influence of liberal and democratic elements. Many Germans accepted these restrictions as necessary for national security and stability.

Question 11

In describing the impact of industrialization after 1890, which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

The standard of living for most workers generally improved due to higher wages and better access to goods, despite poor working conditions.

Question 12

The emergence of large industrial and commercial cities (megalopolis) introduced a class system that included all of the following except

Accepted Answer

The emergence of megalopolis did introduce a class system that included a middle class, a declining artisan class, factory workers, and a growing white-collar group. However, slaves from African colonies were not a part of this class system. The use of slavery was abolished in most industrialized countries during the 19th century.

Question 13

Home rule was enacted in England when

Accepted Answer

Home rule was enacted in England in 1914 in response to the Irish Revolt of 1916 and the growing movement for Irish independence.

Question 14

During the Dreyfus affair

Accepted Answer

The Dreyfus affair involved a French Jewish army officer, Alfred Dreyfus, who was wrongfully convicted of treason. The case divided French society. Among those who supported a retrial or questioned the conviction were some university students, intellectuals, and public figures, advocating for justice and a re-examination of the evidence against Dreyfus.

Question 15

Each of the following is a type of European control of another part of the world except

Accepted Answer

Dual control is not a known type of European control over another part of the world. The other options, including outright annexation, protectorate, sphere of influence, and colonization, were common methods used by European powers to exert control over territories outside of Europe.

Question 16

What was the result of the violent Paris Commune?

Accepted Answer

The violent Paris Commune was seen as a threat to the established order by governing classes across Europe. The event was viewed as the need to rule the people with an iron hand, and governments became more repressive as a result. The Commune itself was ultimately suppressed by the French government, and its leaders executed or exiled. None of the other options accurately reflect the outcome of the Paris Commune.

Question 17

Which of the following did the British Labour government fail to enact between 1906 and 1911?

Accepted Answer

The British Labour government did not enact women's suffrage between 1906 and 1911, as it was a highly controversial issue at the time and faced significant opposition from some members of the party. Old-age pensions, labor exchanges, unemployment insurance, and minimum wages for certain industries were all introduced during this period as part of the government's efforts to improve social welfare and address labor issues.

Question 18

Which English law enfranchised almost all adult males?

Accepted Answer

The Reform Bill of 1884, also known as the Third Reform Act, significantly expanded the electorate by granting the vote to many agricultural laborers, thereby enfranchising almost all adult males in the countryside and bringing the rural electorate into closer alignment with the already enfranchised urban working men.

Question 19

Which of the following statements does NOT correctly explain why France was not a strong economic power in the mid 1800s?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements does NOT...

Question 20

Revolutionary changes that furthered the growth of industry included the railroad, diesel engines, the assembly and

Accepted Answer

The telegraph was a major innovation in communication technology, allowing messages to be sent quickly and over long distances. This facilitated business communication and allowed for rapid decision-making and coordination, which in turn helped to accelerate industrial growth.

Quiz 16: Europe in the Late Nineteenth Century: Modernization, Nationalism, Imperialism