Question 1

According to Pennebaker and Harber's (1993) model of collective coping, during the adaptation phase people think about and talk about the stressor more than in the earlier two stages.

Accepted Answer

In Pennebaker and Harber's model, the adaptation phase involves a decrease in thinking and talking about the stressor compared to the earlier stages, as individuals begin to adjust and move on.

Question 2

Which of the following is not a generally a problem for nonexperimental studies.

Accepted Answer

Nonexperimental studies do involve observation or measurement; the main issues are lack of random assignment and manipulation of an independent variable.

Question 3

At a football game, a social psychology student keeps track of how many men and women throw recyclable plastic water bottles into either a garbage can or a recycling can. This student is conducting:

Accepted Answer

The student is observing and recording behavior in a natural setting without manipulating any variables, which is characteristic of observational research.

Question 4

Which of the following correlations indicates the strongest level of association?

Accepted Answer

The correlation of -0.81 indicates the strongest level of association because it is closest to -1, which represents a perfect negative linear relationship.

Question 5

When a researcher contacts and collects opinions from the same group of people at several different points in time, she is conducting:

Accepted Answer

A longitudinal survey is a type of research design in which the same group of people is contacted and surveyed at several different points in time. This allows the researcher to track changes in the group's opinions or behavior over time.

Question 6

Danner and colleagues (2001) found that diaries containing emotionally ____ words were associated with lower mortality risks in a group of nuns 60 years later.

Accepted Answer

Danner and colleagues (2001) found that diaries containing emotionally positive words were associated with lower mortality risks, suggesting that a positive emotional outlook can have long-term health benefits.

Question 7

Which of the following is not a traditional source of archival data for social psychological research?

Accepted Answer

All the options listed (diaries, newspapers, trash) can be considered traditional sources of archival data for social psychological research.

Question 8

Conclusions based on archival research are not causal.

Accepted Answer

Archival research involves analyzing existing records or data, which typically do not allow for the control of variables necessary to establish causation.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a problem for Internet-based research efforts and data collection?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is not a...

Question 10

The technique for assessing and summarizing the effects of independent studies of the same psychological effect is called:

Accepted Answer

Meta-analysis is a statistical technique used to combine and summarize the results of multiple independent studies on the same topic to determine the overall effect size or trend.

Question 11

Briefly explain the three-stage model of collective coping that Pennebaker and Harber (1993) developed in response to the Loma Prieta Earthquake.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Briefly explain the three-stage model of collective...

Question 12

What feature of Pennebaker and Harber's (1993) research on social responses following the Loma Prieta earthquake was a nonexperimental research design? Did it have any qualities usually associated with experimental research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What feature of Pennebaker and Harber's (1993)...

Question 13

Nonexperimental studies pose unique problems for social psychologists. List and discuss at least three problems associated with studies that do not qualify as "true experiments."

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nonexperimental studies pose unique problems for social...

Question 14

What are some of the costs and benefits associated with leaving the "comfort of the research laboratory"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are some of the costs and...

Question 15

Describe an observational study you might conduct. What changes could you introduce so that it becomes a correlational study?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe an observational study you might conduct....

Question 16

Provide an example of a positive, a negative, and a zero correlational association between two descriptive variables.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of a positive, a...

Question 17

When performing quasi-experimental research, why do researchers sometimes refer to factors that behave similar to independent variables as "treatments" or "interventions"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When performing quasi-experimental research, why do researchers...

Question 18

Why is the Experience Sampling Method (ESM) research considered to be a variation of survey research?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is the Experience Sampling Method (ESM)...

Question 19

Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of internet-based research in social psychology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss three advantages and three disadvantages of...

Question 20

If you are like most students, you probably email friends and family a great deal. What sort of archival study might you conduct if you were to analyze your inbox of email messages?

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you are like most students, you...

Quiz 5: Alternatives to Experimental Research in Social Psychology