Question 1

Which of the following would be considered an independent variable in a sex education intervention evaluation?
A) Proper demonstration of condom use on a model by the participants
B) The attitude toward condom use of the participants
C) How much knowledge of STD participants learn
D) Year in school of the participants

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is manipulated or categorized to observe its effect on the dependent variable. In this context, "Year in school of the participants" is a pre-existing characteristic that can be used to categorize participants and observe its effect on the outcomes of the intervention.

Question 2

A dependent variable
A) is controlled by the evaluator.
B) exerts some influence.
C) leads to changes in independent variables.
D) can be viewed as an outcome variable.

Accepted Answer

A dependent variable is considered an outcome variable because it is the variable that researchers are interested in explaining or predicting, and it is influenced by the independent variable(s).

Question 3

Demographic information about the participants typically uses
A) univariate data analysis.
B) bivariate data analysis.
C) multivariate data analysis.
D) chi-square analysis.

Accepted Answer

Demographic information about participants, such as age, gender, income, etc., is often analyzed using univariate data analysis because it involves examining each variable in isolation to describe its characteristics, such as mean, median, mode, range, and standard deviation.

Question 4

Multiple regression analysis
A) works well with nominal data.
B) can be used with interval data.
C) should be applied to ordinal data.
D) is descriptive in nature.

Accepted Answer

Multiple regression analysis is primarily used with interval or ratio data, where the relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables are quantified. It is not descriptive but inferential, aiming to make predictions or determine the strength of relationships.

Question 5

Which of the following is used to show trends over time?
A) Pie chart
B) Cluster graph
C) Line graph
D) Mode

Accepted Answer

Line graphs are specifically designed to show trends over time, allowing viewers to easily see how data points change.

Question 6

Measures of central tendency include
A) range.
B) median.
C) standard deviation.
D) variance.

Accepted Answer

The median is a measure of central tendency, which indicates the middle value of a dataset when it is ordered from least to greatest. Range, standard deviation, and variance are measures of variability or dispersion, not central tendency.

Question 7

Data that are assigned labels so they can be understood by a computer are ________ data.
A) coded
B) assigned
C) randomized
D) anticipated

Accepted Answer

Coded data are data that have been assigned labels or codes so that they can be easily processed and understood by a computer.

Question 8

Checking a data set to be sure that all the entered values are valid and consistent is called
A) coding the data.
B) reconciling the data.
C) cleaning the data.
D) firing the data.

Accepted Answer

Cleaning the data involves checking a dataset to ensure all entered values are valid and consistent, removing or correcting any errors or inconsistencies.

Question 9

The process of coding, cleaning and organizing data into usable format is termed data management.

Accepted Answer

Data management encompasses the practices of organizing, cleaning, protecting, and enhancing the accuracy and reliability of data, including coding it into a usable format.

Question 10

Range and standard deviation are used in univariate data analysis.

Accepted Answer

Both range and standard deviation are measures of dispersion used in univariate data analysis to describe the spread or variability of a dataset.

Question 11

It is best to err on the side of too simple an analysis than too complex an analysis in an evaluation report.

Accepted Answer

A simpler analysis is often more accessible and understandable to a broader audience, ensuring that the findings can be effectively communicated and acted upon. Overly complex analyses can obscure key insights and reduce the report's utility.

Question 12

If Jeremy wants to compare his clients to a larger group of clients across the state, he could use a chi-square test of significance.

Accepted Answer

A chi-square test of significance is appropriate for comparing categorical data, such as the distribution of clients across different categories, to see if Jeremy's clients differ significantly from a larger group across the state.

Question 13

An alpha level of .05 means that there is a 50% chance that the outcome occurred by chance alone.

Accepted Answer

An alpha level of .05 means there is a 5% chance that the outcome occurred by chance alone, not 50%.

Question 14

The smaller the alpha level, the greater the possibility of a Type II error.

Accepted Answer

A smaller alpha level means a stricter criterion for rejecting the null hypothesis, which increases the chance of failing to reject a false null hypothesis, thus increasing the risk of a Type II error.

Question 15

Evaluators can use a t-test to determine whether a variable changed significantly in one group at two points in time.

Accepted Answer

A t-test, specifically a paired sample t-test, is used to compare the means of a single group at two different times, determining if there has been a significant change in the variable of interest.

Question 16

An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) can be used to determine differences in test scores of more than two groups.

Accepted Answer

ANOVA is specifically designed to compare the means of three or more groups, making it suitable for determining if there are differences in test scores among multiple groups.

Question 17

The null hypothesis states that there is a difference between groups.

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis typically states that there is no difference or no effect between groups or variables.

Question 18

If Andrew's stress level increases as his students' behavior deteriorates, this could be considered a negative correlation.

Accepted Answer

A negative correlation occurs when one variable increases while the other decreases. In this case, as students' behavior deteriorates (increases in negative behavior), Andrew's stress level increases, indicating a negative correlation.

Question 19

What is ANOVA and how is it used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is ANOVA and how is it...

Question 20

Figure the mean, median and mode for the following test scores: 98, 76, 66, 93, 69, 71, 88, 93, 77, 90, 82.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Figure the mean, median and mode for...

Quiz 15: Data Analysis and Reporting

Which of the following would be considered an independent variable in a sex education intervention evaluation?

A dependent variable

Demographic information about the participants typically uses

Multiple regression analysis

Which of the following is used to show trends over time?

Measures of central tendency include

Data that are assigned labels so they can be understood by a computer are ________ data.

Checking a data set to be sure that all the entered values are valid and consistent is called