Which of the Following Is Not Essential Element of Marketing

Which of the following is not essential element of marketing practice today?

A) designing programs to attract customers and get them to buy for the first time
B) assessing customers' needs and finding ways to satisfy those needs
C) encourage customer satisfaction and loyalty in order to build a long, profitable relationship
D) developing new and innovative products before customers recognize their need for them
E) conducting marketing practices in a way that benefits many stakeholders