The National Cancer Institute Had Physicians Distribute Anti-Smoking Pamphlets

The National Cancer Institute had physicians distribute anti-smoking pamphlets. This shows that a:

A) channel can be more efficient and effective by forward integration
B) channel can be more efficient and effective by sharing costs and staff
C) channel can be more efficient and effective by channel breadth
D) channel can be more efficient and effective by backward integration
E) all of the above