Katie and Karie are 3-year-old twins. Katie, who has never opened a door before, watches with interest as Karie reaches for the doorknob on the bathroom door, twists it to the left and the right, and then pushes the door open. Later that day, Katie confronts a closed door (her brother's bedroom door). She reaches up, grabs the knob, twists, and then pushes the door open. Katie's learning of how to open a door may be described as being

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Katie learned how to open a door by watching her twin sister Karie perform the action. This learning process involves observation (C), is social in nature (A) as it involves learning from another individual, is based on a model's behavior (D) where Karie serves as the model, and can involve vicarious reinforcement (B) if Katie was motivated to imitate the behavior by seeing Karie successfully open the door.

Katie and Karie Are 3-Year-Old Twins