Question 1

Dr. Burkhart is a psychologist whose primary interest involves attitude formation and change. Most likely, Dr. Burkhart is a __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Burkhart is most likely a social psychologist, as social psychology focuses on how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another, which includes the study of attitude formation and change.

Question 2

The study of the causes of individual differences in patterns of behaviour is the chief mission of __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

The study of the causes of individual differences in patterns of behavior is the chief mission of personality psychology. This branch of psychology focuses on understanding how and why individuals differ from one another in terms of their patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Question 3

If a psychologist uses the theory of natural selection as a guiding principle, he or she is most likely to be a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

The theory of natural selection is a core principle of evolutionary psychology, which applies evolutionary theory to understand human behavior and mental processes.

Question 4

__________ is the branch of psychology that focuses on the adaptive significance of behaviours. For example, how cognitive or social aspects of our psychology may have provided early humans with a competitive advantage over other species.

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology is the branch of psychology that explores how evolutionary principles, such as natural selection and adaptation, influence the development of human behaviors and mental processes. It seeks to understand how certain psychological traits or behaviors might have helped our ancestors survive and reproduce in their environments, thus providing a competitive advantage.

Question 5

Dr. Critchfield is a psychologist who studies the similarities and differences among different societies in terms of how infants and children are raised. Dr. Critchfield is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Critchfield's focus on the study of how infants and children are raised across different societies aligns with the field of cross-cultural psychology, which examines how cultural factors influence human behavior.

Question 6

Psychologists who attempt to help people solve their problems, regardless of what causes them, are most likely to be __________ psychologists.

Accepted Answer

Clinical psychologists focus on diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. They often work directly with individuals to help them overcome personal issues and improve their mental health, which aligns with the description of helping people solve their problems regardless of the causes.

Question 7

__________ psychologists are people whose primary interests involve encouraging people to adopt and maintain patterns of behaviour that promote fitness and well being.

Accepted Answer

Health psychologists focus on understanding how biological, psychological, and social factors influence health and illness. They aim to promote healthier lifestyles and understand the psychological aspects of health and well-being.

Question 8

Dr. Tucker works with young people in dealing with problems that they have during their education. Dr. Tucker is most likely to be a __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

School psychologists specialize in working with young people to address educational and developmental issues, making choice B the correct answer.

Question 9

The kind of psychologist that you might expect to find in a supermarket or mall studying patterns of shopping behaviour is called a(n) __________ psychologist.

Accepted Answer

A consumer psychologist studies the behavior of shoppers to understand their decision-making processes, preferences, and how various factors influence their purchasing habits, which is directly relevant to observing shopping behavior in supermarkets or malls.

Question 10

The applied area of psychology whose primary goals include the study of the workplace is called __________ psychology.

Accepted Answer

Organizational psychology, also known as industrial-organizational psychology, focuses on the study of human behavior in the workplace and organizations, aiming to improve employee performance, satisfaction, and well-being.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT an area of applied psychology?

Accepted Answer

Social psychology is considered a fundamental branch of psychology, focusing on how individuals think about, influence, and relate to one another, rather than being an applied field that seeks to address practical problems directly.

Question 12

Dr. Wakelin is an applied psychologist. Which of the following is LEAST likely to be his profession?

Accepted Answer

Cognitive psychologists are more focused on understanding mental processes rather than applying psychological principles to solve practical problems, which is the focus of applied psychology.

Question 13

The idea that objects such as the sun, moon, trees, and rocks possess spirits is known as the philosophy of

Accepted Answer

Animism is the belief that objects, places, and creatures all possess a distinct spiritual essence. This philosophy suggests that non-human entities, like animals, plants, and inanimate objects, have a spiritual or animistic essence.

Question 14

Chris argues that all living things possess spirits that control them. For instance, he believes that trees and other plants grow upward because the spirits within them wish to be closer to the warmth of the sun. Chris is a proponent of

Accepted Answer

Animism is the belief that non-human entities, such as animals, plants, and inanimate objects, possess a spiritual essence or soul. Chris's argument that living things, like trees, have spirits that drive their growth aligns with the principles of animism.

Question 15

The idea that a person's behaviour is controlled by his or her own will is more closely aligned with __________ than it is with __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that a person's behaviour is...

Question 16

Psychology, as a science, makes the assumption that behaviour is subject to

Accepted Answer

Psychology, as a science, assumes that behavior is governed by physical laws, including biological processes and environmental influences, allowing for systematic study and understanding.

Question 17

The idea that behaviour and other natural phenomena are subject to physical laws is embodied in

Accepted Answer

The answer of The idea that behaviour and other natural...

Question 18

Descartes was a 17th century

Accepted Answer

Descartes was a 17th-century mathematician, known for his contributions to the development of algebra and geometry, which laid the foundation for modern mathematics.

Question 19

According to Descartes, to understand the world, one must

Accepted Answer

Descartes emphasized the importance of understanding the construction of the world through reason and scientific inquiry, aligning with his method of systematic doubt and analytical thinking.

Question 20

In Descartes's view, animals were nothing more than

Accepted Answer

Descartes viewed animals as automata or mechanical devices, believing they did not possess minds or consciousness and thus could not experience pain or suffering in the way humans do.

Quiz 1: The Science of Psychology