Question 1

A significant criticism of the Five Factor Model is that

Accepted Answer

The criticism that the Five Factor Model (which includes the Big 5 personality traits: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism) is often that it is too simplistic and does not capture the full complexity of human personality, suggesting that more than five factors are needed for a comprehensive description.

Question 2

One characteristic that differentiates Eysenck's conceptualization of the major traits from the Big Five approach is that Eysenck attempts to take into account

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's theory of personality is notable for its emphasis on the biological basis of personality traits, including genetics and neurochemistry, which differentiates it from the Big Five approach that does not specifically focus on biological underpinnings.

Question 3

Recent research suggests that American college students are becoming more

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research suggests that American college students...

Question 4

A zero acquaintance is someone who

Accepted Answer

A zero acquaintance is someone with whom we have never interacted, meaning there has been no direct communication or relationship established between the individuals.

Question 5

Jung helped launch trait approaches beginning with the study of what?

Accepted Answer

Carl Jung's work on psychological types introduced the concepts of introversion and extroversion, which are foundational to many trait theories in psychology. These concepts describe two distinct attitudes towards the external world and have influenced the development of various personality assessments.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes how Cattell contributed to the trait approach?

Accepted Answer

Cattell's significant contribution to the trait approach involved using factor analysis to identify and cluster personality traits. He started with a large list of adjectives that describe personality and then applied statistical methods to find patterns and groupings among these traits, which helped in understanding the underlying dimensions of personality.

Question 7

What is Q-data?

Accepted Answer

Q-data refers to the type of data collected through self-reports and questionnaires, where individuals provide information about themselves, typically regarding their attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors.

Question 8

According to Allport, traits

Accepted Answer

Allport believed that traits are consistent and stable properties that define a person's behavior, but he acknowledged that behavior itself can vary and change depending on the situation and over time. This perspective allows for the understanding that while core aspects of our personality (traits) remain stable, how these traits are expressed in behavior can differ based on circumstances.

Question 9

Functional equivalence is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

Functional equivalence is the concept that people perceive different situations as similar and thus respond to them in similar ways, with the trait being the internal structure guiding this consistency in behavior.

Question 10

The essence of Allport's trait approach is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

Allport's trait theory emphasizes that traits are internal structures that cause individuals to perceive different stimuli as being similar, leading them to react in consistent ways to similar situations. This perspective highlights the role of traits in shaping how individuals interpret and respond to their environment.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of the big five traits?

Accepted Answer

Curiosity, while related to aspects of the Big Five personality traits, is not itself one of the Big Five. The Big Five consists of Extroversion, Openness, Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness.

Question 12

What is NOT one of the ways the Big Five traits can be used to categorize people?

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits (Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism) are used to describe and understand variations in human personality. However, they do not categorize all people into 5 predetermined "personality profiles"; instead, they score individuals across a spectrum for each trait.

Question 13

The Big Five was created using what method?

Accepted Answer

The Big Five personality traits model was created using factor analysis, a statistical method used to identify clusters of related items (in this case, personality traits) by analyzing responses from personality assessments.

Question 14

Eysenck's "Big Three" categories are a combination of factors previously identified by what other psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Eysenck's "Big Three" categories are a combination of factors previously identified by Raymond Cattell, who developed a 16-factor personality model. Eysenck simplified these into three broad dimensions.

Question 15

"Zero acquaintance" is best described as what?

Accepted Answer

"Zero acquaintance" refers to situations where the observer and the observed individual have never interacted before, making option D the correct description.

Question 16

In what way(s) are motives different from traits?

Accepted Answer

Motives are indeed different from traits in all the ways listed: they involve a goal (A), are psychobiological forces that help induce behavior (B), are considered more basic or fundamental than traits (C), and underlie observable traits, providing the reasons behind the behaviors that traits describe (D).

Question 17

The __________ is a widely used instrument that attempts to measure introversion and extroversion as Jung defined them.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ is a widely used instrument...

Question 18

__________ is a statistical technique used to help summarize correlation coefficients by taking into account shared variance; Cattell used this technique to reduce the redundant information in a list of personality descriptors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ is a statistical technique used to...

Question 19

Many behaviors of individuals are __________; that is, they are similar in meanings because the individual tends to view many situations and stimuli in the same way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Many behaviors of individuals are __________; that...

Question 20

According to Allport, the traits that people in a population share are known as __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Allport, the traits that people...

Quiz 8: Trait and Skill Aspects of Personality