Question 1

Andrea wants to be famous. She works hard in her classes and gets straight A's; she attends workshops and conferences in her field and makes an effort to meet all the right people; and during the summer, she volunteers many hours at a research lab. She is sure that nothing will stand in her way. McClelland would say that Andrea is

Accepted Answer

Andrea's actions demonstrate a strong desire to excel in her field through hard work, networking, and gaining experience, which aligns with McClelland's concept of high achievement motivation.

Question 2

As a group, women have been found to be better than men at

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a group, women have been found...

Question 3

A study of courtship among Boston-area college students found

Accepted Answer

The study found that men were more devastated when relationships ended, indicating a stronger emotional impact on them compared to women.

Question 4

In some societies, girls were (and sometimes still are) given clitoridectomies (genital mutilations) in order to prevent their "insatiable and shameful" sexual drives. This suggests that current American views (and studies) showing men with greater sex drives are likely the result of

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is C) culture-specific gender stereotypes. This suggests that the perception of men having greater sex drives than women in American society could be influenced by cultural norms and stereotypes rather than biological differences. The practice of clitoridectomies in some societies to control women's sexuality highlights how cultural beliefs and practices can shape perceptions and behaviors related to gender and sexuality.

Question 5

According to an evolutionary perspective,

Accepted Answer

From an evolutionary perspective, the ultimate goal for any organism, including humans, is to pass on its genes to the next generation. In some cases, investing resources in an unhealthy infant who may not survive or reproduce could compromise a woman's ability to invest in other offspring who have a better chance of reproductive success. This perspective does not assume that maternal instincts are always nurturing or that caring for one's children always enhances reproductive success. It also acknowledges that in certain circumstances, mothers may abandon or invest less in offspring as a strategy to maximize their overall reproductive success.

Question 6

Androgynous individuals are

Accepted Answer

Androgynous individuals are characterized by having a high degree of both masculine and feminine traits, allowing them to adapt to a variety of situations by exhibiting behaviors traditionally associated with both genders.

Question 7

__________ are more susceptible to diseases during childhood and __________ live longer.

Accepted Answer

Males are generally more susceptible to diseases during childhood, and females tend to live longer on average.

Question 8

Research by Whiting and Edwards suggest that across many different cultures,

Accepted Answer

Research by Whiting and Edwards across various cultures found that females are consistently more nurturant, highlighting a tendency towards caregiving behaviors.

Question 9

On average, boys tend to have better abilities than girls in

Accepted Answer

Boys generally tend to have better spatial skills on average compared to girls, which involves the ability to visualize and manipulate objects in space.

Question 10

The earliest evidence that suggests that males and females are viewed differently came from where?

Accepted Answer

Ancient civilizations provide the earliest evidence of gender differentiation, as seen in historical records and artifacts that show distinct roles and statuses for males and females.

Question 11

According to the psychoanalytic view, personality differences associated with gender are due to

Accepted Answer

According to the psychoanalytic view, particularly that of Sigmund Freud, personality differences associated with gender stem from the different ways boys and girls experience and resolve conflicts in the psychosexual stages of development.

Question 12

A behaviorist view claims that gender differences in personality arise from

Accepted Answer

Behaviorist theories emphasize the role of the environment and learning in shaping behavior, including gender differences in personality. They argue that societal norms, expectations, and reinforcement patterns contribute to the development of gender-specific behaviors and traits.

Question 13

The cognitive perspective of personality explains gender differences arise as a consequence of

Accepted Answer

Gender schema theory suggests that individuals internalize societal gender norms and expectations, which then influence their behavior and personality development.

Question 14

Differences in sexual behavior between males and females, such as higher levels of masturbation among males, earlier age at first intercourse among males, and greater interest in pornography and erotica among males, are best understood as arising

Accepted Answer

The differences in sexual behavior between males and females can be attributed to a combination of biological differences, societal expectations, socialization within same-sex peer groups, and differential experiences of punishment for sexual activity. Each of these factors contributes to shaping the sexual behaviors and attitudes of males and females.

Question 15

Studies have shown that women seem to cry more than men. Which of the following is NOT a likely explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Different functioning of the tear ducts in males versus females is not a likely explanation for the observed difference in crying between men and women. The other options (A, B, C, E) relate to social, hormonal, and emotional expression differences, which are supported by research as factors contributing to the difference in crying behavior between genders.

Question 16

Which of the following approaches would be most likely to predict that as societies give more equal rights and opportunities to women, personality differences between men and women would become smaller?

Accepted Answer

The humanistic perspective emphasizes personal growth and self-actualization, suggesting that as societies provide equal opportunities, individuals can develop their unique potentials, leading to reduced gender-based personality differences.

Question 17

Which of the following is true of the interactionist approach to behavior differences in males and females?

Accepted Answer

The interactionist approach acknowledges that males and females may exhibit behaviors typically associated with their gender, such as males showing more instrumental (task-oriented) behavior and females showing more expressive (emotion-oriented) behavior. This perspective considers both biological and social factors in explaining gender differences in behavior.

Question 18

Looking across all perspectives of personality, differences between males and females most likely results from

Accepted Answer

The differences in personality between males and females are most accurately attributed to a combination of both genetic/biological factors (nature) and environmental/social factors (nurture). This encompasses influences from genetics, evolution, socialization, culture, and individual experiences.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements are accurate.

Question 20

Which of the following differences between men and woman has been found to be true?

Accepted Answer

The statements A through D present common stereotypes or misconceptions about gender differences that have been challenged or debunked by research. For example, research does not conclusively support that women are more verbally aggressive than men, that they exhibit more instrumental behavior, that they engage in sexual behavior only for reproduction, or that they have better spatial abilities on average. Gender differences in behaviors and abilities are complex and influenced by a wide range of biological, social, and cultural factors.

Quiz 11: Male-Female Differences