Question 1

According to Henry Murray, people have a variety of internal _________ that necessitate taking action in the social environment.

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Question 2

The push from situational forces, called the __________, are directional forces on a person that arise from other people or events in the environment.

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Question 3

According to Murray, a typical combination of needs and presses is termed a __________.

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Question 4

The __________ is a projective test in which a person is presented with a series of ambiguous pictures and instructed to compose a story.

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Question 5

Delay of __________ is a specific aspect of self-control that occurs when an individual chooses to forgo an immediate reinforcer to wait for a later, better reinforcer.

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Question 6

The notion that behavior is caused at that moment as a function of a variety of influences is called __________.

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Question 7

According to Mischel, the individual differences in the meanings people give to stimuli and reinforcements that are learned during experiences with situations and their rewards are called __________.

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Question 8

Behavioral __________ are the sets of situation-behavior relationships that are typical of an individual and that contribute to the apparent consistency of an individual's personality.

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Question 9

The biasing tendency for people to see certain traits as going together and to perceive consistencies when viewing the personalities of others is part of __________.

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Question 10

Theories that examine the ways in which individuals draw inferences about other people are called __________.

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Question 11

__________ is the close, comprehensive, systematic, objective, sustained study of individuals over significant portions of the life span.

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Question 12

The extent to which individuals are likely to respond appropriately in a given situation, as a function of their prior experiences with that situation is called __________.

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Question 13

The study of personality that emphasizes the patterns of behavior change as a function of age, culture, social groups, life events, and so forth, as well as internal drives, motives, and traits is called the __________ approach.

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Question 14

__________ believed personality is "the relatively enduring pattern of recurrent interpersonal situations."

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Question 15

Due to his emphasis on studying the richness of the life of each person, Murray preferred the term "__________" to the term "personality."

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Question 16

Why does it make sense to study personality, even though correlations between measured personality and behavior in specific situations are often quite low?

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Question 17

Assume that Judy is introverted and shy. You watch Judy arrive at a party and park her car in the driveway. Briefly describe two things that she might do next which, although behaviorally different, would be functionally equivalent.

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Question 18

If you are really craving a bag of potato chips, but you know you need to stick to your diet, you will try to delay gratification-that is, you will try NOT to eat the potato chips (which would, no doubt, taste wonderful and be quite rewarding) so that you will feel attractive in your bathing suit next weekend (which is even more wonderful and rewarding). Describe two tactics you might use to make your delay of gratification easier.

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Question 19

It is unfortunately common for student riots to occur on or near college campuses, especially in April and May. Describe how the concept of "the power of the situation" can explain such behavior by intelligent and well-educated people.

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Question 20

Explain what is meant by "creating situations." Provide an example of how you have created a situation that you currently experience, and its influence on you.

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Quiz 10: Person-Situation Interactionist Aspects of Personality