Question 1

According to labeling theorists, it is the response to a behavior and not the behavior itself that determines deviance.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theorists argue that deviance is not inherent in an act but is the result of the social response to the act, which labels it as deviant.

Question 2

Labeling theory was conceived as a sole explanation for deviance, according to Howard Becker.

Accepted Answer

Labeling theory, as proposed by Howard Becker, is not the sole explanation for deviance but rather a perspective that emphasizes the role of societal reaction and labels in the development of deviant behavior.

Question 3

Repeated protests by feminist organizations resulted in changes concerning criminal laws defining rape.

Accepted Answer

Feminist organizations have historically advocated for changes in laws to better define and address rape, leading to legal reforms in many jurisdictions.

Question 4

Crimes committed by women have fallen almost 14 percent since 1993.

Accepted Answer

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Question 5

In 2009, psychologist Jerry Burger repeated part of Milgram's authority experiment. The results were significantly different, suggesting a drastic reduction in obedience among participants.

Accepted Answer

Jerry Burger's 2009 replication of Milgram's experiment found similar levels of obedience, indicating that obedience to authority had not drastically changed since Milgram's original study in the 1960s.

Question 6

Sociologist Richard Quinny's view that the criminal justice system serves the interests of the powerful reflects an interactionist perspective on deviance.

Accepted Answer

Richard Quinney's view aligns with the conflict perspective, which emphasizes how the criminal justice system serves the interests of the powerful and maintains social inequality.

Question 7

Discuss the various components of social control. Identify and describe how sanctions may be used to control the expectations of society regarding people's actions and behaviors?

Accepted Answer

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Question 8

Describe the similarities and differences between conformity and obedience, according to Stanley Milgram. Give examples to support both concepts.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

Discuss why the definitions of deviance and social stigma are dependent on cultural variations and socially accepted norms. Give some examples of how people are stigmatized for behaviors they may no longer engage in.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Discuss the relationship between cultural transmission and differential association in explaining deviance or criminal acts. Give an illustration of how a person would likely become criminal using the differential association process.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Discuss the various ways that the criminal justice system uses discretionary powers to increase social inequality within a society. Why do some conflict theorists and feminists suggest laws are intentionally designed to perpetuate inequality within a society?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 4: Deviance and Social Control