Which of the following second messengers is produced from the hydrolysis of PIP₂ that activates the increase of Ca²⁺ concentrations in the cytoplasm? A)diacylglycerol (DAG) B)phosphatidylinositol (PI) C)phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) D)inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃)

Question

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Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP₃) is formed from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) and activates the release of Ca²⁺ from intracellular stores, leading to an increase in Ca²⁺ concentrations in the cytoplasm. Diacylglycerol (DAG) is also produced from the hydrolysis of PIP₂, but it activates protein kinase C (PKC) rather than increasing Ca²⁺ concentrations. Phosphatidylinositol (PI) is a substrate for the production of PIP₂, but it is not directly involved in the activation of Ca²⁺ signals.

Which of the Following Second Messengers Is Produced from the Hydrolysis