Question 1

There are a variety of methods used in neuropsychology, however they have some common principles. This is called

Accepted Answer

The scientific method is a systematic way of learning about the world around us and answering questions. It involves making observations, forming a hypothesis, conducting experiments, and drawing conclusions. This method underpins the principles common to various methods used in neuropsychology.

Question 2

Which of the following is false concerning replication?

Accepted Answer

Replication is crucial in research to verify the reliability and validity of findings, not because there is nothing new to study. There are always new phenomena, theories, and hypotheses to explore in science. Replication helps in confirming the results of a study and ensuring they are not due to chance, but it does not imply a lack of new topics for research.

Question 3

The variable that the researcher manipulates to determine how the behaviour is affected is the

Accepted Answer

The independent variable is the one that is manipulated by the researcher to observe its effect on the dependent variable, thus affecting the behavior or outcome being studied.

Question 4

When researchers use a number of studies that approach the same question from a variety of perspectives so that they can examine the results to support a common conclusion it is known as

Accepted Answer

Converging operations refer to the process where researchers use multiple studies and methods to approach the same question from different angles. This approach helps in validating the results and supporting a common conclusion, as the consistency across different methods and studies strengthens the evidence for a particular finding.

Question 5

Some species are neophobic, this means that

Accepted Answer

Neophobia refers to a fear of new or unfamiliar things or situations, which in the context of species often manifests as a reluctance or fear of trying new foods or exploring new environments.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a strength associated with non human animal research?

Accepted Answer

The statement that there are no striking differences between human and non-human nervous systems, which makes the research generalizable, is not accurate. While there are similarities that make non-human animal research valuable, there are also significant differences that can limit the generalizability of the findings to humans.

Question 7

Which of the following is/are limitations of conducting behavioral testing?

Accepted Answer

Behavioral testing can show a lack of cultural sensitivity (B) and small variations in test presentation and scoring (D) can affect results, making these limitations.

Question 8

What does the CT stand for when referring to CT scans?

Accepted Answer

Computed tomography (CT) is the correct term, which refers to a diagnostic imaging test used to create detailed images of internal organs, bones, soft tissue, and blood vessels.

Question 9

On a CT scan areas that are highly dense such as the skull will appear_________ and areas that are of lower density such as cerebrospinal fluid and brain matter will appear_________.

Accepted Answer

On a CT scan, denser materials like bone absorb more X-rays and therefore appear brighter, while less dense materials like cerebrospinal fluid and brain matter absorb fewer X-rays and appear darker.

Question 10

Magnetic resonance imaging is a technique based on the Nobel Prize winning (Physics in 1952) research of

Accepted Answer

Felix Bloch and Edward Purcell were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952 for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith, which are the foundational principles behind magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Question 11

What the magnetic resonance imaging machine actually measures is the relaxation time. Relaxation time is

Accepted Answer

The relaxation time in the context of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) refers to the time it takes for atoms (particularly hydrogen atoms in the body's water and fat) to return to their equilibrium state after being disturbed by a magnetic pulse. This property varies among different types of tissues, allowing MRI to create detailed images of the inside of the body.

Question 12

MRIs contain extremely strong magnets and their magnetic strength can be measured in units of

Accepted Answer

The magnetic strength of MRIs is measured in Tesla, which is the unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction.

Question 13

It can be very dangerous for people who have pieces of metal in their body to undergo an MRI as this metal can be attracted to a magnet. Which of the following would probably not pose a problem for people undergoing an MRI?

Accepted Answer

The answer of It can be very dangerous for people...

Question 14

Which neuroimaging technique involves the attachment of small metal disks to the scalp in order to amplify and record the small changes in electrical potentials?

Accepted Answer

Electroencephalogram (EEG) involves the attachment of small metal disks or electrodes to the scalp to detect and record the electrical potentials generated by brain activity. This method is widely used for diagnosing epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other neurological conditions.

Question 15

The main difference between electroencephalography (EEG) and event- related potentials (ERPs) is

Accepted Answer

The main difference between EEG and ERPs lies in the context of the measurements: EEG records brain activity during rest or without specific tasks, while ERPs are measured in response to specific stimuli, highlighting brain responses to particular events.

Question 16

The waveform components on an event-relate potential readout are often categorized into two types:

Accepted Answer

The correct categorization of waveform components in an event-related potential (ERP) readout is into exogenous components, which are primarily influenced by the physical characteristics of the stimulus, and endogenous components, which are more related to the participant's cognitive processes, such as attention and expectation.

Question 17

When using magnetoencephalography, the brain's magnetic fields induce tiny currents in these coils and these currents create magnetic fields in a

Accepted Answer

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) measures the brain's magnetic fields using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which are highly sensitive to magnetic fields. These devices detect the tiny currents induced by the brain's magnetic activity.

Question 18

When using the technique regional cerebral blood flow, the participant must inhale a known quantity of what metabolically inert substance?

Accepted Answer

Nitrous oxide is used in the technique of measuring regional cerebral blood flow because it is metabolically inert, allowing for the measurement of blood flow without being metabolized by the body's tissues.

Question 19

What does the half-life of a gamma radiation-emitting tracer refer to?

Accepted Answer

The half-life of a radioactive substance is the time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay into a different, more stable form. This process reduces the amount of radioactivity present, moving the substance towards a non-radioactive state.

Question 20

What is a cyclotron?

Accepted Answer

A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator that is used in nuclear physics and medical applications to generate high-energy particles, such as protons. These particles can be used to produce radioactive isotopes (tracers) for use in medical imaging, among other applications.

Quiz 3: Techniques in Neuropsychology