Question 1

Personality is defined as

Accepted Answer

Personality is generally defined as a stable set of behavioral and experiential characteristics of an individual, which distinguishes them from others.

Question 2

A stable set of behavioral and experiential characteristics of an individual is called

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to a stable set of characteristics and tendencies that influence an individual's responses to a variety of circumstances. Traits are aspects of personality, but the term "personality" encompasses the overall pattern of behaviors and experiences.

Question 3

What are distinct and stable patterns of behavior and experience?

Accepted Answer

Traits are considered distinct and stable patterns of behavior and experience, as they represent consistent characteristics that influence how individuals think, feel, and behave across different situations and over time.

Question 4

Which of the following is a reason that personality is important for psychological practice?

Accepted Answer

Personality helps make predictions regarding a person's behavior because it provides a framework for understanding an individual's thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Question 5

What is meant in stating that personality is a concept that indicates that an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behavior originate from within a person?

Accepted Answer

Personality being a cause of one's behavior implies that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of an individual originate from within, aligning with the statement's emphasis on internal origination of these aspects.

Question 6

The more central traits are

Accepted Answer

Central traits are considered to better describe the essence of an individual's personality, as they are key characteristics that capture important aspects of a person's identity.

Question 7

The concept of central and peripheral traits suggest that personality

Accepted Answer

The concept of central and peripheral traits, introduced by psychologist Gordon Allport, suggests that personality is organized into a hierarchy of traits, with central traits being more dominant and defining of a person's overall personality, and peripheral traits being less influential and more changeable. This organization implies a structured and systematic arrangement of personality traits.

Question 8

What are peripheral traits?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral traits refer to secondary or less essential characteristics in a person, distinguishing them from core or central traits that define a person's primary personality.

Question 9

What are central traits?

Accepted Answer

Central traits are the core or more salient characteristics in a person, which significantly influence how individuals are perceived by others and how they behave.

Question 10

Peter likes initiating a conversation in a group on some occasions but not all the time. This behavior suggest that Peter's trait of friendliness is a ______ trait.

Accepted Answer

A peripheral trait is one that is not consistently displayed across all situations, indicating that Peter's friendliness varies depending on the occasion.

Question 11

______ refers to a kind or category of elements or features sharing similar characteristics or qualities.

Accepted Answer

"Type" refers to a category or class of elements or features that share similar characteristics or qualities.

Question 12

Which of the following shows "pessimism" as a peripheral trait?

Accepted Answer

Persistent sadness is more indicative of a core emotional state like depression rather than a peripheral trait. Pessimism, characterized by a tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen, is not directly represented by persistent sadness, which is a deeper, more pervasive emotional condition. However, upon reevaluation, none of the options directly show pessimism as a peripheral trait, but persistent sadness can be a manifestation of a pessimistic outlook, making it the closest choice related to the concept of pessimism.

Question 13

______ refers to a persistent, broad-spectrum belief in and anticipation of undesirable, negative, or damaging outcomes.

Accepted Answer

Pessimism is characterized by a tendency to see the worst aspect of things or believe that the worst will happen, which aligns with the definition given.

Question 14

The character Ebenezer Scrooge in "A Christmas Carol" shows that personality is

Accepted Answer

Scrooge's character demonstrates that personality can change over time, as he evolves from a miser to a generous person through his experiences in the story. This shows that personality is not only stable but also capable of evolution.

Question 15

Judgments about normal and abnormal traits of a person vary across

Accepted Answer

Judgments about what is considered normal or abnormal in a person's traits can vary widely across different circumstances, generations, and cultures. What is deemed normal in one culture or generation might be seen as abnormal in another, highlighting the importance of context in these assessments.

Question 16

What is the tendency to deem our self as superior to peers?

Accepted Answer

Self-enhancement is the tendency to describe and present oneself using positive or socially valued attributes, such as kindness, intelligence, and dependability, leading to a perception of oneself as superior to one's peers.

Question 17

Personality traits that tend to be more specific are ______.

Accepted Answer

Peripheral traits are more specific and less influential on a person's overall personality compared to central traits, which are the key characteristics that define someone.

Question 18

Mark who is from North America describes himself as ambitious, intelligent, and industrious. The traits Mark used to describe himself are traits relevant to

Accepted Answer

The traits Mark used to describe himself—ambitious, intelligent, and industrious—are indicative of individualism. This is because they focus on personal achievements and qualities, which is a characteristic of individualistic cultures, commonly found in North American societies.

Question 19

Ana has a natural curiosity about the world. Personality psychologists would describe this characteristic of hers to be

Accepted Answer

Central traits are key characteristics that constitute an essential part of a person's personality, like curiosity, which significantly influences how individuals perceive the world and behave in it.

Question 20

The general discussion about biological and social factors that affect human development, behavior, and experience is known as the ______.

Accepted Answer

The term "nature-nurture" refers to the ongoing debate and discussion about the relative contributions of biological factors (nature) and social or environmental factors (nurture) to human development, behavior, and experience.

Quiz 1: Introducing Personality