Lightness constancy works because the

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Lightness constancy refers to our perception of an object's lightness (or brightness) remaining constant even when the illumination (the absolute amount of light) changes. This phenomenon occurs because the visual system focuses on the percentage of light an object reflects, rather than the absolute amount of light it reflects, allowing us to perceive the object as having a consistent lightness under varying lighting conditions.  Lightness constancy is the tendency to perceive the whiteness, grayness, or blackness of objects as constant across changing levels of illumination.

Lightness Constancy Works Because the